Tuesday, April 30, 2019

Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Management - Essay ExampleThat is the goal of crisis management, which can be defined as a set of activities aimed at minimizing the potential, or responding to an existing crisis effectively. As such, an effective crisis management design may provide a company with an opportunity to effectively take urgent actions for minimizing the harm caused by a crisis and, in such a way, save the future of the organization. Furthermore, relevant crisis and issue management activities may compensate attention the company to avoid a crisis and, as a result, save valuable resources to be invested into however growth and development. In is especially true considering the fact that news in the contemporary world scattering within hours. Therefore, urgent actions for rescuing the company should be taken immediately after an issue arises. At the same time, good and well-structured relationships with the media may help an organization to decrease the level of crisis impact on the companys futu re. Therefore, the given paper will try to draw up a basic crisis management plan for Shuanghui Business Group, a food business group that majors in processing pork. The company has already had some experience managing crisis. However, the presented plant will help it to forecast and assess potential future crisis, preach specific crisis management processes and team structures, as well as provide a list of materials to be to be produced as part of the crisis toolkit. In addition, business continuity considerations will be addressed and a proposal for testing and refining the crisis plan will be presented. All this information will help the company to prepare for a potential crisis and, furthermore, get an opportunity to avoid it and save money. Forecasting and assessing a potential crisis the organization could face. On the 15th of March, 2011, Shuanghui Business Group was suspected of using clenbuterol pigs. As a result, the stock of the company dropped to the trading limit causi ng a loss of CNY 5.2 billion in the big(p) market. Furthermore, the company had to withdraw its products form all the major supermarkets, while some marketplaces even stopped interchange the products of the Business Group or refused to continue working with the company. The organization took back all of its products circulating in market and closed manufacturing down to be rectified (Zhang, 2011). Nevertheless, what Shuanghui Business Group experienced is the crisis of consumers trust or, if defined more precisely, a product-harm crisis (Dawar & Pillutla, 2000, p. 215), since it involved recalling products from all of the distribution networks due to safety concerns (Chen, Ganesan, & Liu, 2009, p. 214). As a result, the stigmatizes equity and companys reputation got damaged, customers loyalty decreased, and revenues and market shares lost (Laufer & Coombs, 2006, p. 379). So, in nightclub for the Business Group not to experience such a disastrous situation again, continuous div ination and assessing a potential crisis the organization can face should be conducted. The very first condition for calculate a crisis is noting both internal and external inputs. Peoples perceptions of information differ what one may consider to be a potential threat will be missed by another. Therefore, it is classic to make sure that the organization does not miss any internal or external issues that susceptibility indicate a potential crisis (Harvard Business School, 2004, p. 12). For this reason clear and open communication channels should be determined and

Monday, April 29, 2019

Identufy the six techniques for writing a successful narrative, and Essay

Identufy the six techniques for writing a successful narrative, and describe how this can be utilise to one or more of the reading in P subterfuge 3 of your textbook - Essay pillowcaseThey can even be therapeutic giving us an outlet to express ourselves and deal with emotions that faculty otherwise be threatening or unpleasant (Parker and Wampler, 2006).The common bond of all stories is the narrative facet how the story is written, or told. According to Arlov (2005), there are six aspects of an effectively written story. These are victimization chronological order having a conflict that must be resolved showing the action, instead of reasonable telling what happened making a clearly defined point the theme of the story placing a great emphasis on the most important details and using examples from everyday life (Arlov, 2005). In this paper, the art of storytelling the successful incorporation of each of these aspects - is examined in the work of Obafemi Carr.Carrs story, The Game of My Life, is (on the surface) about his participation, as a 29-year-old man, in a YMCA basketball game. A deeper analysis, however, reveals that it is about his relationship with his arrive and, perhaps to a great extent, about his ability to overcome his own youthful insecurities. The beginning action starts at the present jiffy in the basketball, but then the story flashes back to the beginning - the narrator (Carr)s childhood. From there, Carr progresses in chronological order to his teenage and college years, and then he takes the reader back to the present with him back to the ball game. This flashback-flash off device works because it only displaces the reader chronologically for the first three paragraphs in order to discontinue set up the storys tension.Carrs story has one main conflict that need to be resolved. From the storys text, the reader gathers that Carr grew up feeling distanced from his father because of his lack of sports involvement. As Carr puts it, My father hadnt taught me the game, probably because he had grown up in

Sunday, April 28, 2019

To what extent do politics of the WTO, limit (or increase) developing Assignment

To what extent do politics of the WTO, limit (or increase) developing countries ability to top the step-ups from specializat - Assignment ExampleUsing postulates from the theory, it is clear that the best combination of backing at the international crusade should be guided by profitability analysis. The Theory of Comparative Advantage The theory of comparative return states that a society enjoys a margin of superiority in producing run or goods. This means that the party enjoys comparative over other country due the opportunity cost that exists due to lower mathematical product cost Chang (2008). Better said, two parties can each enjoy from trade if they produce the same goods or services at relative be that ar not equal. This theory also applies even if whiz party happens to build absolute benefit over another country as it enjoys the capacity to gain when it trades with another that is less efficient provided that the relative efficiencies are unequal. The law of com parative advantage is based on a number of vital assumptions. One of the main assumptions is that the parties involved incur no transportation costs in their dealings. It is further assumed that costs do not vary and no party enjoys economies of scale. Furthermore, it is taken for granted that no trade barriers and tariffs apply to the parties in their engagement in trade. The assumption that factors of production are perfectly mobile also applies for comparative advantage to apply. Yet another assumption is that the goods or services being traded are identical or homogeneous. The final assumption is that the parties involved in trade have perfect knowledge of the goods being traded and therefore buyers and sellers are able to tell where the cheapest products exist. The theory of comparative advantage normally applies in international trade, countries being the parties involved. In its perfect sense, the theory elements responsible for the realization of the theory is very difficul t to achieve since international trade often involves transportation, tariffs and trade barriers, the immobility of production factors and delicate knowledge. According to classical theories related to international trade, countries are bound to gain mutual benefits when they specialize in making goods or producing services with lower opportunity costs. The theory of comparative advantage advocates for free trade and specialization in production rather that pursuit for self sufficiency. The World trade organization has vie an important role in the liberation of trade especially beyond national borders Chang (2008). Three major(ip) features of the World Trade Organization negotiating environment are the abidance to the most favored nation (MFN) principle, the concomitant of negotiations among few countries, and the extent in times of time of the negotiations with economically significant nations joining the equation on a continuous basis (Bagwell and Staiger, 2001). Under the MFN negotiating environment, there are two major hindrances to multilateral faculty that come into effect according to Bagwell and Staiger (2001). For one, every market access concession that a country makes to another country automatically is enjoyed by partners who enter the negotiation later. In order to reduce the free-riding potential a nation may end up offering a little to early negotiator so as to maintain bargaining power in latter times. The second hindrance to

Saturday, April 27, 2019

Scarcity and how it Applies to Micro-Economic Decision Making Essay

Scarcity and how it Applies to Micro-Economic Decision Making - Essay ExampleIt is a fact that if anything is scarce it get out definitely have a graduate(prenominal)er market value compared to those goods and services which are relatively widely available. (Riley 2006)i Scarcity essentially raises the question of which alternative to choose and which is better in which condition. These various choices have to be made on a daily basis by all consumers, firms and governments. (Steven 2011)iiA simple example is how the millions of plurality in New York City get to work. This choice of which mode of travel to take in say to get to their required destination in the least and or so cost-effective amount of time is what troubles everyone. These minuscular decisions are taken on an wide scale on a daily basis and for most of the undivideds this is more than(prenominal) of a habitual routine than a choice but still at the showtime instance they had to figure out which mode is the best for them. This pattern is followed by the most important concept in microeconomics, Opportunity Cost. Opportunity Cost measures the cost of any choice in terms of the adjoining best alternative forgone. This can apply to individuals, firms and governments. For an individual whether to work extra hours or give more time to family for leisure is a choice that has to be made on a regular basis. For a government, it has to settle down whether to allocate its limited budget to military or education or health. For a firm, it has to decide which machinery to use to affirm the most output in the least amount of time maintaining quality. All this is non only a decision that is made without conscious thinking, it requires a lot of conscious effort from the individuals part to investigate which option is best for him. This involves a rational Cost-Benefit Analysis. A Cost-Benefit Analysis is the treat whereby individuals decide whether the advantages of a particular option are like ly to outweigh its drawbacks. This is highly specific as all the known information for the available alternatives has to be taken into account and after comparing it with for each one other it has to be decided upon which alternative is giving the most benefit after accounting for its drawbacks (net benefit). On a micro-level thousands of millions of decisions take place to counter this problem of scarcity. A firm has to constantly perform legal opinion whether to hire new workers or request their existing workers to give extra hours in order to produce the excess demand. A separate department usually exists in MNCs which has the responsibility to undertake extensive in-depth research in major financial decisions. For example, acquiring of new capital costing millions of dollars $ might be a better option than upgrading existing capital equipment. Although the initial cost exit be high but the long term benefit of the first choice will outweigh the benefit of the chip option. In Africa, governments have to constantly engage in a battle against poverty, healthcare and education. The question which is more important is debatable. Which sector should be given more preference depends on the positive impact it will have on the community and society on the whole. It can also mean that in a battle to provide everyone clean water and food, government might not reach its set finishing for education. (CBC 2011)iii Nevertheless, it has to be viewed in such a perspective that if people are not provided the basic

Friday, April 26, 2019

Midterm Writing Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Midterm Writing Assignment - Essay ExampleDuring this period Richard Cobden and John beadlike who came from the Manchester School, tried their best to bring about peace and harmony among the people by fence war and imperialism which was rampant. Therefore, the term Manchesterism stood for the spreading of peace and goodwill among all people at all levels. maestro Alfred Dreyfus, who was a Jew, became an artillery officer in the French army because of his dedication and skill. In October 1894, he was displace for training which suddenly came to a grinding halt when he was accuse of handing over military secrets to the German Embassy in Paris. He was promptly arrested and accused of treason. There was no evidence or conclusive importation that Dreyfus was in any way involved, but yet he was convicted because the Army thought that they may be blamed for lending support to a Jewish officer. The Dreyfus Affair became a political scandal.The word Eugenics is interpreted from the Greek root which meant good and generation or origin. During the late eighteenth century it was used to denote Science of hereditary or good breeding. Gregor Mendel who worked with the cross breeding of pea plants, made ordinary the concept of genes ushering research in the field of genetics. One strand of genetic research trailed off into the realms of kindly history which in the beginning of the twentieth century came to be popularly known as Eugenics.During the 1840s, Britain was red through a heavy crisis period. They were faced with a lot of economic problems and working class unrest. Investments and rail-road build took their toll as there was widespread famine in Ireland and Britain faced some of its most deplorable days. Hence, this period was called the Hungry 40s.Barriers or restrictions that are imposed on foreign competitors would sure enough hamper trade relations between countries

Thursday, April 25, 2019

Nature of Thought Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Nature of Thought - assay ExampleThis antithetic level of ability further leads towards intelligence and creativity.Responding to the objects in nature and events happening is a phenomenon that is necessary to continue the survival. Every kind-hearted being is granted with five basic mother wits to feel and answer accordingly to all the situations that happen in the environment. Anything, which is felt by a human being, is sent to the human mind by the five senses. There are two kinds of senses which are generally taken in the discussion. External senses are five basic senses (vision eyes, hearing ears, smell nose, touch skin, taste tongue) whereas internal sense is based upon intuition and is not considered in objective approach rather it is a subjective champion about which we cannot give a concrete view (McCosh, 1882).To precede the above discussion towards subjective perspective, lets get an idea about memory. Memory is derived from a Latin word Memoria with literary meani ng of retaining something in mind. It is about storing the events in mid which had been experienced in past with an individual. Woodworth describes the memory as it helps retentivity the past learning (Mangal, 2007). Memory of a human being is consisted of three parts i.e., sensory storage, shortsighted term memory and long term memory.As far as the discussion of memory continues, it is condition that memory is somewhat as a collection of past. It only helps to retain the archives of the past. It merely does not help to explore or dig it out for future usage. Although memory can be divided but the way it is shared uses medium to recall the memories that have been saved in human being. The imagination of conscious and subconscious is also depicted over here. We can say that memory is a locate of records but it cannot recall the past experiences. It is medium which digs the memories out and makes us remember at different times.To come up towards the extract of the further

Wednesday, April 24, 2019

The Impacts of the American Revolution in US Societies Essay

The Impacts of the American Revolution in US Societies - Essay ExampleWith the branch of mid-level families in original cities within the US in the aftermath of the American Revolution, there was a need to review if not the need to prioritize the opportunity for global investments. There had also existed societal and cultural issues in the US that have been the talk of the world after the American Revolution. These involved (a) the undeniable emergence of the American citizens (b) the emergence of the American citizens can be associated accurately to a tri-polar framework of political structure (c) the improvement in the responsibilities of the talented and skilled American people and (d) the start of an age of critical thinking (Bailyn 5). Because the Thirteen Colonies became ingenuous at the conclusion of the American Revolution, it would be fair to say that the US benefited the most out of the American Revolution. In investigating and analyzing the war between the US and the Br itish colonizers, it is easy to deduce that there is a connection between the war and the greed for power of Great Britain that was rampant during those times (Bliven 6). Therefore, it is easy to key that the war between the US and Great Britain gives an accurate and logical outline that includes independent wars in assorted areas of the world. The war between the US and Great Britain gives capability and the valid explanation to regimes that handles wars based on territorial disputes

Tuesday, April 23, 2019

International Business Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7000 words

International Business - Research Paper Examplein Spain Germany with 26.3%, France 7.8% and Netherlands with 4.1% the share of other countries in the FDI in Spain seems to be extremely low Canada with 0.3%, Libya with 0.3% and Mexico with 0.23%2. It is clear that alternative schemes of trade need to be create by the Spanish government in order for the bucolics FDI to be increased an suggestive example is the trade line between North the States and Spain which can be highly combative exporters would prefer North America instead of Europe and Spain could have a crucial role in transporting the goods3. In the services celestial sphere, the FDI in Spain can be characterized as satisfactory for the period 1986-1990 the FDI on the countrys Financial and business services has been estimated to 35%4.CARIFORUM enterprises tend to cooperate with Spain in the services sector in the context of the particular sector, the following areas of common initiatives among Spain and the other coun tries of the CARIFORUM have been reported a) in the tourism industry, Spain is supported by Britain Europe and by countries of the America both the North America and the Latin America (see also Figure 1 in Section 3 above), b) in the Spanish real the three realms industry also inducements have been noted by CARIFORUM enterprises c) a series of service sectors has been available to CARIFORUM countries that press to invest on Spain professional services, computer and related services, privately funded R&D services, real estate and communications services, construction and related engineering services5 at the same time the education, wellness industry and the financial services industry of Spain are also open to investors from CARIFORUM countries. No major elaboration in other Spanish services industries has been identified referring to the inward investments by CARIFORUM enterprises in Spain. Indeed, it seems that CARIFORUM enterprises tend to invest on the Spanish tourism an d real estate markets as having the

Malcolm X and Black Nationalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Malcolm X and Black nationalism - Essay ExampleDue to such mistreatment of blacks they became tired and needed a forum to express their challenges. This guide to the formation of civil right movement that promoted equal education and legal rights. Despite the two beingness vocal in the Black Nationalism in USA, their views differed (Cone et al, 2003).MLK comes from a very affluent family and Malcolm X from a poor background, therefore the basis of argument are different in that MLX called for a Non violent resistor for example the triumph of the Montgomery bus (1955) in Alabama whereas Malcolm X is viewed to be violent By all meansMost blacks, like such as Malcolm X, MLK methods were useless and lacked basis. But, King continually forceful in nonviolent approach. He refuses to inflict physical harm on others. According to Dr. King, he argues that passive resistance methods resist evil, and it refuses to commit evil. He continues by saying that the enemy is a person and must be t reated fairly one should not destroy the rival but rather seeks to make the foeman a friend. Even if using rage fails to convert the foe to a friend it removes hatred from the police wagon of those who are committed to it. Violence was very impractical and immoral (Waldschmidt, et, al, 2003)According to Malcolm X, he did not estimation integrations of white and blacks he even continues to warn the blacks of integrating with sinking ship. Therefore, he emphasized on black separatism and not integration. Dr. King advocated for unity and peaceful coexistence among individual of different races (Cone et al, 2003). The different in ideas originate from the environment that one was bought in. King was brought up in a religious environment and their parents who love unity. Unlike Malcolm X, the ideas originated from the racial hate that killed his father who influenced him in Black Nationalism activism. Moreover, he was subjected to white violence and racism, and this made him drop out of school

Monday, April 22, 2019

Organizational Politics slp Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Organizational Politics slp - Assignment ExampleIn this case, six individuals wanted to be selected as the new sales manager, as a result, leading to a political battle.Political demeanour might be ascribable to individual and organisational factors (Nair, 2010). Personal factors include the need for power, incremental reward, increase in scope of control and Machiavellianism. Organizational factors may be situational or organisational culture. Situation factors encompass performance evaluation, publicity seek and resource allocation. In this case, there was a situational cause for the political behaviour as the workers were seeking promotion to the vacant position. Politicking arises because of the organisation culture whereby it is practised from the top management to the subordinates that was the case in the company.some(a) of the prospective staff members to the position went ahead tarnishing the other partys credibility. It was through trying to unveil fraudulent activities that were they took part in the past. It led to some of the candidates getting disqualified and some were dismissed as well from the organisation after commission of enquiry set up found them guilty. If someone considerably invested in an organization, both emotionally or financially is likely to employ political behaviour due to care of the organisations destiny. Although politicking within the organisation is healthy, it also has its adverse effects as gap between employees increases. In this case, the working relationship within the organization became poor hence ultimately affecting the overall performance of the organisationIn 2002, during the merger between HP and Compaq there was politicking within the plug-in as some were opposed to the merger. The infighting was so bad that some of the board members leaked secretive information to the public. one of the main reasons for the conflict was the appointment of the CEO of the merged grouped. It led to

Sunday, April 21, 2019

Congestive Heart Failure Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Congestive Heart ill - Research Paper ExampleWhen the situation happens, the heart is not capable to provide adequate rent to visceral organs including the kidneys, brain, and liver. This condition mess be caused by the failure of either the left ventricle or the right ventricle or both to function. This ineffective functioning of the heart muscle can be caused by2. sicknesss that cause the inflexibility or more particularly the stiffening of the heart muscle. These infections of the cardiac muscles are called Myocarditis, additionally heart attacks can weaken the heart muscles6. High blood pressure, on the other(a) hand, reduces the effectiveness of the heart muscles and therefore people suffering from hypertension are at more venture of suffering from CHF than their healthy counterparts. High thyroid hormone level (hyperthyroidism) and vitamin deficiency are rare responsible agents of CHFApart from affecting the cardiac muscles, the body may be affected by diseases that inc rease the oxygen demand of the body, therefore, limiting the heart from satisfying the high oxygen demand (McKee, 137).There are various symptoms that characterize or define that one may be suffering from Congestive Heart Disease and therefore likely to develop CHF. These symptoms range from the abnormal morphology of some organs of the body to psychological disturbances. Some of the morphological symptoms include unintentional weight gain, swelling of the feet, the ankles and the abdomen and visible veins in the write out region.Other symptoms include anorexia and indigestion, vomiting and nausea, lack of breath with or without activity, lack of sleep, general body weakness, and increase frequency of micturition especially at night, coughing and low level of concentration at work.

Saturday, April 20, 2019

New Product Development Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

New Product Development - Case assume ExampleIt owns scrapes like easily Car, effortless M geniusy, easy Internet caf, easy Cinema, easy Pizza, easy Cruise, easy Mobile, easy Watch, easy Hotels, and easy Jobs etc. This strategy was called diversification within diversification. This means that the companys singular business units become recession proofed by moving into as many diversified handle as possible, while enhancing the financial strength of the company.The Company follows the easy format of taking away the frills in something to make it cheaper overall. In the last few years the company has started to franchise the businesses to expand, and cut down costs. The easy Group profits by either selling shares in the businesses or by licensing or franchising the brand to reputable partners.easy Clothes has a range of apparels to cater to the taste and pockets of the young generation as well as the busy professionals. The easy Shirt comes in the determine range 4, 18 and 75po unds. The laid-back determined range is wrinkle free. The pullover also comes in three price range and the high priced one would cater to the older generation which prefers extremely soft clothes. Jeans also has three versions with the expensive one creation more rugged. The low priced version of clothes would cater to the lower income group which is highly price sensitive.The marketplace attractiveness could be analysed using Porters model and the internal analysis could be done by cheer chain analysis. The market attractiveness varies with the market size, annual market growth rate, profit margins etc.The use of Porters quin Forces mainly focuses on the industry structure analysis in the organisations external environment. It reveals the source of competition in an industry and external influence including the threats and opportunities of the industry that organisation has to face to obtain competitive advantage. Porter defines the ambition of the organisation in relation t o the industry where high rivalry leads to low profits. The threats from new entrants are high gear of the barriers in place to stop them and define the profitability of the industry. Threats from substitutes is the threat by others to copy the product so the margin for guaranteed profit goes low and customers are more prone to change. The bargaining power of buyers depends on the price of the product and the leverage the customer possesses. Similarly the power of the suppliers is determined by how much the buyer require the product and how much they are willing to pay. easyClothes is a company dealing with apparels. This industry is very competitive. on that point are some brands driven by quality and some only by price. Different companies consume different target segments.easybusiness has been successful in creating a brand name in the market which caters to the price and brand/quality sensitive customers.Core Competence Matrix -

Friday, April 19, 2019

Introduction to Banking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Introduction to Banking - Essay ExampleDespite the fact that the borrower was pursuing a professional course which motivatinged the inputs of expensive photographic equipments the borrower had never ever approached the bank pull down for a student loan.(ii) A prime factor responsible for the borrower not approaching the bank for even a student loan is the financial resourcefulness and entrepreneurship skills exhibited by the borrower as a freelance photographer even while she was a student. She was able to sell her work as a freelancer. This implies that she had developed substantial concern contacts over all these years which are now going to stand in good placement for the sale of photographs from her current project. Case facts go on to reveal that she is on the threshold of some stratum of fame in photography circles. Her entrepreneurial abilities provide further comfort to the banker.(iii) Case facts reveal that her parents are bounteous and thereby affluent () and have su pported their daughter liberally in the past. They have been cited as i of the reasons that she was not required to obtain loan during her student days. For the purpose of the present project it whitethorn be good idea to accept collateral securities from much(prenominal) parents. They can also be utilized as guarantors for the present loan.Her background check thus reveals no factor which would be an inhibiting factor in extending her the loan. even so following specific questions whitethorn be asked to her during her loan interview to complete the appraisal process(a) She may be asked to generate a firm and complete itinerary of her project in Africa. She may be asked to indicate clearly the number of days she intends to stay in Africa, the number of locations she would visit, her boarding and lodging arrangements at each such(prenominal) location, her local conveyance and early(a) expenditures. Case facts reveal that borrower has sought the loan for form tickets and photogr aphic equipment it is apparent that most of the above expenditure she wishes to put in through her own sources as margin. It is important to estimate this margin available with her as otherwise rest of the project and bank modify funds would be of no specific usance. Thus bank must estimate all such expenditures and probe her sources and their availability at the project start date. These sources could include her own savings, her parents support, support from any other photograpy association, magazine or institution or even any grant or fellowship. (b) The next clever set of questions would be on specific items she is seeking loan for viz.air tickets and photographic equipment and accessories. Borrower may be asked to furnish the names of the specific airlines she would be traveling on to Africa along with her assistant. In case enquiries reveal that the airlines she proposes to use is expensive or that other airlines are offering more economical round tickets then the borrower would be asked the reason for preferring the chosen airlines. She may also be advised to avail of the cheaper airlines. Coming to her other need viz of photographic equipment and accessories queries may be framed on the specific equipment she proposes to buy for her project and why she thinks that such equipment is more suitable both in terms of price and performance, from amongst other same genre equipment. The banker may like the borrower to show the process of narrowing down

Thursday, April 18, 2019

Auditing And The Public Interest Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Auditing And The prevalent Interest - Assignment ExampleBeing prepared by either internal or impertinent analyzeors, audit report gives the evaluation of the performance of a company. The reports are not only essential to the forethought but also they are heavily relied upon by other parties including the shareholders, government, pecuniary institutions and the general public. It is important to notation that auditors only give an opinion as to whether or not the monetary statements depict the correct financial position of a company. This paper seeks to discuss whether the current international regulatory environment for the auditing is effective in ensuring that investors and owners are provided with reliable information by external auditors. Public interest in relation to the (accounting and) audit profession According to the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC) public interest entails the entity or individuals who are directly touched by the financial reports that are given by auditors or by the accountants. One of the major objectives that method of accounting profession must strive to achieve is to safeguard the interest of the public. This includes provision of accurate and reliable financial information that is vital in making investment decision. ... essential to note that by ensuring uniformity in the financial statements of various companies, members of the public are in a position to determine the profitable and the swell up managed organizations. One of the major aspects of accountancy as depicted by Gonzalo (2009) is that in order to attain an expeditious economy, it is vital for the financial accounts to be accurate and comparable. In this way, companies can access the risks that may negatively restore the public investments. He also stipulates that comme il faut financial reporting aftermaths into efficient economic outcomes and common hot while poor reporting adversely affect the performance of an economy. To create public confidence specially in the financial market, it is prudent for companies to provide adequate information that eliminates uncertainty which demotivates individuals to claim in transactions. readiness of independent certification which is the major role of auditors significantly creates confidence among the investors particularly in the current terra firma of asymmetric information (Gonzalo 2009). In the same way, certainty is a key aspect that motivates individual to engage in purchasing of company products. In this regard, auditors should play an imperative role of public certification in order to increase public confidence and reduce uncertainty thus lowering the prices of the commodities. This will not only result to financial stability but also it generates social benefits to the individuals. One of the notable implications of proper auditing and professional accountancy is that they ensure comparability and verifiability of the financial information thus propagating public interest since they result to efficiency of markets. In order to ensure advancement of public interest, it is vital for auditors and

Wednesday, April 17, 2019

Green Field Enterprise Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Green Field Enterprise - Research device ExampleThe business would be aimed to incur profitability through the delivery of exceptional quality cuisines and intensity food and value creation for the customers in the United Kingdom market. The restaurants of Fortuna will appeal to customers of various demographics and would be a ok dining restaurant choice for both family and business purposes. The menu of Fortuna restaurants would be invigorate from a consecrate of various cuisines from all across the world. The personnel planning, focusing structure, marketing mix, operations management and financial forecasts are used to understand the feasibility and profitability of the Fortuna restaurant chains.The Fortuna chain of restaurants will be opened up with the aim of providing differentiated gourmet cuisines to all the generations of customers in the market of United Kingdom. The restaurant business would provide a large variety of meals and dishes and would try to cater tom a w ide variety of clientele. Fortuna restaurants would be characterized by a cosy and upscale atmosphere, a premium ambience, superior facilities, keen customer services and a wide variety of cuisine specialties to create an overall exceptional fine dining experience for both the family and business customers in the market. The chain of restaurants would be established to operate as a main player in the food and hospitality sector of United Kingdom. The place would be suitable for quiet dining, business meetings as well as for celebrating special occasions and would thus be suitable for a variety of services for the customers (Kutratko, 2008, p.215).Fortuna will be established with the aim to create a great place for fine dining combined with pure quality and wide variety of cuisines and an excellent dining atmosphere. The mission of Fortuna chain of restaurants is to become the restaurant preferred by a wide range of customers varying from

Tuesday, April 16, 2019

Population of China and Gender Imbalance Essay Example for Free

Population of China and Gender Imbalance EssayChinas one small fry form _or_ system of g overnment was found by Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping in 1979 to nail down Chinas population developing. It was designated as a temporary measure, to limit couples to just one claw. Those who fail to follow the law are subjected to fines, pressures to do abortion, and forced sterilization. In 1979, the Chinese government embarked on an ambitious program of market reform following the stagnation of the economy after the Cultural Revolution. At the time, China was home to a quarter of the worlds people, who were occupying just 7 percent of worlds cultivatable land. Two thirds of the population was under the age of 30 years, and the baby boomers of the 1950s and 1960s were entering their reproductive years. The government saw strict population containment as essential to economic reform and to an improvement in living standards. So the one-child family indemnity was introduced. The form _or_ system of government consists of a set of regulations governing the approved size of Chinese families. These regulations include restrictions on family size, late marriage and childbearing, and the spacing of children (in cases in which second children are permitted).The State Family training Bureau sets the overall targets and indemnity direction. Family-planning committees at provincial and county levels devise local strategies for implementation. Despite its name, the one-child rule applies to a minority of the population for urban residents and government employees, the policy is strictly enforced, with hardly a(prenominal) exceptions. The exceptions include families in which the graduation child has a disability or both parents work in high-risk occupations ( much(prenominal) as mining) or are themselves from one-child families (in somewhat areas).The policy has been estimated to have rock-bottom population growth in the country of 1. 3 billion by as much as 300 mill ion people over its start-off twenty years of existence. However, this rule has caused a bias against fe priapic infants abortion, neglect, abandonment, and horizontal infanticide have been known to draw to female infants. The use of IUDs, sterilization, and abortion are Chinas most popular forms of birth control. However, over the past few years, China has provided more education and support for alternative birth control methods.This shift in revolve about on implementing this family planning policy was partly in reaction to what happened in 2007 when in that respect were reports that in the southwesterly Guangxi Autonomous Region of China, officials were forcing pregnant women without permission to give birth to have abortions and levying steep fines on families violating the law. As a result, riots broke out and some population control officials may have been killed. The result of such family planning policy has resulted in the disparate ratio of 114 males for every 100 fe males among babies from birth through children quaternary years of age.Normally, 105 males are naturally born for every 100 females. When the Chinese government introduced the policy in 1979 to alleviate favorable, economic, and environmental problems in China, authorities claim that the policy has prevented 250 million births from its implementation to 2000. However, the policy is controversial both within and outside China because of the manner in which the policy has been implemented, and because of concerns about disconfirming economic and well-disposed consequences.The policy has been implicated in an increase in of forced abortions and female infanticide, and has been suggested as a possible cause behind Chinas significant gender imbalance. Despite these negative reports, favorable feedback from this policy is heard from the families themselves. Since the introduction of the one-child policy, the total fertility rate in China has fallen from over twain births per woman to approximately 1. 7 births today. In total, China estimates that it has three to four hundred million fewer people today, with the one-child policy, than it would have had otherwise.The reduction in the fertility rate and thus population growth has reduced the severity of problems that come with overpopulation, like epidemics, slums, overwhelmed social services (such as intumesceness, education, law enforcement), and strain on the ecosystem from pervert of fertile land and production of high volumes of waste. Another favorable feedback as a result of this policy is that it is reported that the focus of China on population control helps provide a better health service for women and a reduction in the risks of death and injury associated with pregnancy.Increased involvement of women in the constancy force is also another positive feedback. Women have traditionally been the principal(a) caregivers for children however, with fewer children, they have more time to invest in their car eers, increasing both their personal earnings and the national GDP. Another feedback that appeals to environmentalists is that, with the policy, on that point is decreased environmental impact. Chinas one child policy has the indirect consequence of reducing Chinas total bionomic footprint and thus reducing strain on ecological resources.Despite these successes, however, the one-child only policy draws criticisms from many a(prenominal) quarters. First, the one-child policy has been criticized by human rights advocacy groups and Western religious groups, including some evangelical Christians, as well as by pro-life advocates. Within China, criticism tends to be focused on potential social problems caused by the policy. A second type of criticism has come from those who acknowledge the challenges stemming from Chinas high population growth but believe that less intrusive options could have achieved the same results over an extended period of time. genius very important concern was the human rights factor. The one-child policy is challenged in principle and in practice over violating basic human rights. Reported abuses in its enforcement include bribery, coercion, forced sterilization, forced abortion, and possibly infanticide. Even though in 2002, China outlawed the use of physical force to make a woman acquire to an abortion or sterilization, it is not entirely enforced.In the execution of the policy many local governments unflustered demand abortions if the pregnancy violates local regulations. Some critics also point to the possible economic and emotional cost the policy may bring to the people. As the one-child policy begins to near its next generation, one adult child is left with having to provide support for his or her two parents and four grandparents. This leaves the older generation with more of a dependency on retirement funds or charity, rather than their children in order to have support.If a child cannot care for their parents and grandparents , or if that child cannot survive, the oldest generation could find itself destitute. Another social problem seen is when some parents may over-indulge their only-child. The media referred to the indulged children in one-child families as little emperors. Since the 1990s, some people worry this will result in a higher(prenominal) tendency toward poor social communication and cooperation skills among the new generation, as they have no siblings at home.One important focus among sociologists is the issue of gender imbalance. China, like many other Asiatic countries, has a long tradition of son preference. Many argue that the one-child policy induces many families to use discriminating abortion, abandon female infants, and even kill female infants under the influence of the son preference. Some families even kill or starve the female infant and then try again for a male child. The commonly accepted explanation for son preference is that sons in rural families may be thinking to be m ore helpful in farm work.Sons are preferred as they provide the primary financial support for the parents in their retirement, and a sons parents typically are better cared for than his wifes. In addition, Chinese traditionally view that daughters, on their marriage, become primarily part of the grooms family. Becaue of this gender bias the sex ratio at birth (between male and female births) in mainland China reached 117100 in the year 2000, substantially higher than the natural service line, which ranges between 103100 and 107100.It had risen from 108100 in 1981 at the boundary of the natural baseline to 111100 in 1990. According to a report by the State Population and Family Planning Commission, there will be 30 million more men than women in 2020, potentially leading to social instability. The correlation between the increase of sex ratio disparity on birth and the deployment of one child policy would appear to have been caused by the one-child policy.

Women of Opposites Essay Example for Free

Women of Opposites EssayTwo illustrious pack that are alike but also very diametrical would be Britney Jean Spears and Norma Jeane Mortenson also cognise as Marilyn Monroe. I chose Marilyn Monroe because she is a true inspiration to me and other young girls today though she got a bad name for herself she explained life in a way that one could understand through her famous quotes. Britney Spears is also an inspiration on young girls because of universe a pop fanatic, an actress, and also a end upual urge symbol. These are two people that I loved when I was younger and inspired me to act, sing, and dance. Norma Jeane Mortenson superstarted using the portray name of Marilyn Monroe in 1946. This name did not become legally her name until 1956. Marilyn Monroe was a beautiful char who became an American actress, a singer, a model, and subsequent on in her years known as a sex symbol. She was a wonderful mortal that was taken out of context and shaped into a person that she didnt necessarily want to be.Although Marilyn became a huge success in the eyes of society and of her peers, she sincerely yours aspired to be known more for her acting and singing talents, rather than the sexy blonde in the whitened dress. Britney Spears was always very proactive when it came to anything dealing with music as a child. She started her career at a young age by the time she was eight years old she was taking her first travel towards stardom in auditioning to play a role on the television show The all told New paddy field Mouse Club though she did not get the part she kept trying.By the time she was 11 years old her love for music and dance became real. This is when she auditioned again and received the role on The All New Mickey Mouse Club as the Mouseketeer the show was then canceled two years later after she received the role. She did not yet give up and was signed to a record chase after in late 90s. Although there is a big descent between Marilyn Monroe a nd the notorious Britney Spears just about people from the start of Britneys career have compared her to Monroe which creates a bigger contrast between the two.Britney Spears became a well-known celebrity a few generations after the Marilyn Monroe era but others calm drastically compared her to Marilyn Monroe for being a hot blonde sex symbol. Marilyn and Britney are different in many ways too the obvious facts that Marilyn became before Britney, the fact that they grew up in very different home environments and dealt with many individual(prenominal) conflicts and issues while growing up, also the way they became famous and well-known to the world are very different from each other.One huge example of the difference between these two celebrities was that In the 50s movie stars careers were controlled by the film studios. Marilyn did not have much of a selection in the roles she compete so she was always cast as the dumb blonde. The media loved her but like today they were very intrusive. Photographers hounded her but the publicity helped create her image that is why even today shes an icon. As for Britney she has had a choice in all aspects of her career and she makes the decisions to do what she wants to do and how she wants to do it.Although there is a similarity that they twain share with the fact that they were both criticized and hounded by the media and the rumors that were created by it. There is still a small contrast in that similarity because Britney was able to survive all the rumors and speculations that she was surrounded by as from Marilyn who let the trespass of the media and others take a toll on her life dramatically. Even though Britney spears and Marilyn Monroe have negatively impacted our generation they still have somewhat positive impacts on young women lives.Marilyn Monroe though she was a sex symbol she was still a very successful woman in her lifetime. She made her history though it may not have been the way she wanted to be kn own, but she is still remembered to this day. As out-of-the-way(prenominal) as Britney Spears she is known for her pop music for the most part, you do not hear about when she was an actor. Britney Spears and Marilyn Monroe still inspired me to become the young women I have become today.

Monday, April 15, 2019

Development from Birth - 19 Years Essay Example for Free

Development from Birth 19 old historic period EssayThe aspects of ripening be defined as Physical, kind Emotional, Language and Intellectual. There are diametrical stages of development for each category, 0-3 years, 3-7 years, 7-12 years and 12-19 years.All children will follow the same pattern of development hardly at antithetic rates and will reach their milestones at different times.PhysicalDuring the 0-3 year stream a childs physical development will see them start to move and contradict to memor competent big(a)s and voices. They separate people, reach for brightly coloured or noisy items. Their ability to move begins with rolling over, moves to crawling, shuffling and finally the ability to walk. Fine motor attainments will also increase, from being open to transmit and shake interesting objects to using crayons to scribble and make marks. They will use body spoken language to communicate, such as shaking the head to indicate NO.As they move into yea rs 3-7 their skills become to a greater extent refined, they will be able to walk up and d protest stairs, catch a ball, use paints. therefore they will learn to pedal a bike start to draw basic pictures of people or houses. Movement continues to improve and they become confident at climbing and jumping and their fine motor skills digest them to write much clearly, sew and manage shoe laces.By ages 7-12 years children are generally able to hit a ball and participate in team sports although their ability may not accumulate their own expectations at first.During adolescence physical development becomes more more or less appearance and the physical process of puberty. Whilst girls begin this process earlier than boys all children will develop as individuals. This can be a very hard-fought time for teenagers, with insecurities about they way they look and how they compare to their peers. Some will suffer anxiety at some point and worry about being a late or early developer.Socia l and EmotionalSocial and emotional development begins by ushering affection and becoming attached to parents or carers and becoming what we usually call clingy. Young children may become distressed when a parent leaves the buy off on or is not in sight. Slightly older children may demand attention and use tantrums to get their own way. They will generally be easily distracted from unwanted behaviour.By age 2-3 years children enjoy swordplaying with older people who provide them with attention and begin to enjoy time with children their own age. Over the next few years the child becomes more independent and coopertative and likes to help. They develop social skills and play with others is more comfortable as they begin to consider the feelings of others and make friends, although resolving disputes can still be an issue. Rules and routine are required to help the child feel secure and safe.In later years the child becomes less dependant on their parents and moves closer to their peers. They develop a sense of right and wrong(p) by may still adult intervention to settle arguments. They become aware of their gender and usually prefer the company of their own sex. Their behaviour differs with their emotions depending upon circumstance.In the final stages of development puberty creates feelings of self-consciousness and danger about body image. Behaviour is very unsettled as they sway between the feelings of being a child and wanting to be an adult. Friendships become stronger and adolescents depend less on the parents. They are much more aware of the opposite sex and need to fit in social with their peer group. People of this age begin to hazard about their social environment and may start to form strong opinions about community, politics and religion.LanguageIn the early stages of development language is more about making sounds to show feelings. Babies watch others to learn facial movements to help them to begin making their own sounds and will turn towa rds sound they hear. From making sounds, oral communication develop and gradually increase in number. They begin to understand key words spoken to them and will repeat back what they hear building from single words, to phrases and then sentences. Childrens ability to understand develops faster than the ability to speak and this can cause frustration with not being able to express themselves.During the 3-7 year period children begin to question things more intently, use more accurate grammar and their verbiage increases dramatically. Reading skills start to develop, first recognising a few frequently seen words and understanding stories and books. During the Key face 1 years learning and recognising letters and the sounds they make develops into reading and later into writing.The next stages of language development involves the vocabulary increasing further and learning to spell more difficult words. Adult interaction is grievous to help children learn fluency and progress toward s telling more complicated stories and the correct use of grammar and tenses.During adolescence language becomes more mature and logical thinking begins to develop. They can be sarcastic and begin to experiment with sense of humor or may wish to publicly demonstrate their new found skills.IntellectualEarly capable development involves copying others through play and testing different styles of behaviour. Young children also begin to recognise that all people are separate from themselves. Next comes the ability to understand instructions and recognise things that are similar, for example, shapes and colours. Between 5-7 years children start to become aware of their environment and understand what is means when things are different or the same. Next a child will develop their own interests and reading becomes a skill used for entertainment.Finally the mind matures and young people learn responsibility for their own thoughts and actions. They begin to think about their future lives a nd things they might like to do like, jobs, marriage and children. The ability to make connections between pieces of cultivation and the world around them also matures. The speed of development at this stage very much depends upon the arrive of guidance received. The more guidance a person gets the quicker they are able to reflect upon how things consult to in practice to their lives. An individuals personal identity is formed from the things they learn at this stage which should be more moral and cultural.Adolescents begin to take more responsibility away from their parents with regard to managing their finances, employment and their personal relationships and becomes deal during adulthood.

Sunday, April 14, 2019

Personal Selling Essay Example for Free

Personal sell EssayMy wife and I love shopping. She is more of a driver while I am on the analytical side. I like to gather the information, know the particulars, evaluate options and then go for a purchase. For my wife, it is important to know the basic facts round the yield and she is ready to make a quick decision, whether she wants the product or not. When we do shopping together, mostly we debate on lets buy skillful now vs. why not wait and evaluate other options. Who wins? Well Suffice it to say, our scores atomic number 18 pretty even. Recently she bought a new digital camera.While going to the nearest better vitiate to buy the camera, she wanted me to accompany her. Though before entering the store, she cautioned me to not to start a fact finding mission, comparing features and benefits of various brands, as she wants to make this purchase a quick and simplex one. I agreed, but was not convinced. The digital camera market is now a days turned into a commodity market. at that place is a high value sensitivity due to difficult comparison effects. There are so many choices and brands forthcoming with similar features and benefits that sometimes it is re totallyy difficult to pick an right-down winner.When we entered the Best Buy, we already had a silent agreement that it will be a short trip, no fuss over facts When we went to the Camera Section, it was truly confusing. There were so many choices from Nikons and Canons to Sonys and Toshibas that it was difficult to select one. My wife looked puzzled, and I had a huge grin, the message was loud and you wanted this to be a quick and simple purchase Triumphantly, grinning from cheek to cheek, I started looking at the features of each brand and started comparing them the analyser prevailed But soon I was confused too.The features/ benefits and price variability was difficult to connect. There was significant price variability between various brands with similar features. At this point, we really needed help. Those of you, shopping at the Best Buy could relate to the fact that mostly it is hard to get help at this store. Customer serve paged for the sales person but no one turned up. We were getting a bit get at because we were waiting for fifteen minutes and no sales person was available. When we were about to lose patience and passing play out of the store, came a sales person.With a smiling face, he introducing himself as Bob. First, he very courteously apologized for the long waiting time, gave us the reasons, of course the usual ones. But his demeanour and empathy washed out all our resentment and annoyance. He then enquired about our need and what we are looking for in a camera, etc. After determining our need, he gave an over view of the available choices in the camera section and by process of differentiation short listed four choices. He knew what he was talking, giving us quick facts about the products connecting features and benefits with our needs.We were impressed. By the time he short listed the choices, we were in so mesmerized and developed full credence in him that we were even ready to accept whatever he recommends as the best. But he did not do that, instead he narrowed down the choices and left the final decision on us. That was a undischarged gesture. When we completed the purchase and walked out of the store, both my wife and me, a driver and an analyzer were glad and content because of a good experience. Did we make a great purchase or Bob, the sales person, do a great sale.Well, it was a win win situation for both stakeholders and this is a trait of great sales person. Why it was a good experience? First, Bob made sure to empathize with us, directly relieving our anxiety due to long wait time. Second, he determined our need and then connected it with the available choices. He was confident because his product knowledge was superb. He had a human side that was touching and he did not impose his choice on us nor di d forced selling. Now a days, we make it a point to recommend Bob to all our friends, if they are in need of a camera.

Friday, April 12, 2019

Sugar Trade Essay Example for Free

Sugar Trade EssayMany things helped drive the profit trade. Demand, sla very(prenominal), and climate vie a major role in the driving of the saccharify trade. Demand was greatly increasing end-to-end the years. The climate of the caribbean islands where strap sugar was grown. Slavery provided free work to produce sugar which in produce increased profits for the farmers. In England, sugar was not shipped there until the year 1317. But once the sugar was becoming a popular import, it boomed. Sugar consumption and import grew tremendously from 1700 to 1775. In 1700, Britain imported 280.7 sugar imports per 1000 cwts and each person consumed 4.6 pounds of sugar every year. These numbers increased by almost as a good deal as 500% of imports and almost 400% of consumption. In 1770, 1,379.2 per 1000 cwts were imported to Britain and each person annually consumed 16.2 pounds of sugar. Sugar consumption equalled nearly 105 of overall food consumed for some families in England in the 1700s. afterward 1660, sugar imports exceeded the total imports of ALL the other imports coming into Britain. Slavery was probably the most important federal agent in the driving of the sugar trade. Slaves could be traded for common items that people on orchards had. This in turn could passably much provide free labor in the production of sugar. If a plantation proprietor could dumbfound enough slaves to run the sugar farm, they could produce more profit and eliminate paid labor. in 1768, at a male slaves peak price, they cost 41 British pounds. If a plantation owner needed say 100 people to farm and produce sugar, they would be spending near 4100 British pounds to have slaves do essentially free work then. If a plantation owner owner had to hire 100 workers and had to pay them 1 British pound a day, then in 41 days, they would be spending more money than they would have if they would have bought 100 slaves.So, slaves essentially paid for themselves in 41 days. After 41 day s, production of sugar would be free for the plantation owners. Climate was in addition a key role in the sugar trade. Without the right climate, sugar cane would have to be produced further away therefore increasing the price of the import. Ideal climate for the production of sugar cane was a analogue range of 37 degrees north to 30 degrees south, a temperature range of 68 to 90 degrees, soil typewrite of volcanic or alluvial with sand/silt/clay mix, and an mean(a) pelting of 80 to 90 inches a year.The climate for the two caribbean islands that Britain received its sugar from was 18 degrees north latitude for Jamaica and 13 degrees north for Barbados, the temperature range for Jamaica was 68 to 86 degrees and 72 to 86 degrees in Barbados, the soil type was clay/silt/sand mix in Jamaica and clay and sand mix in Barbados, and the average rainfall was 77 inches in Jamaica and 60 inches (with considerable variety) in Barbados. The sugar trade was a very booming trade. Many things i nfluenced this trade. We are still experiencing a major usage of sugar in todays world, with many an(prenominal) of the same things influencing it, except for slavery. Machines took the place of the slaves.

Thursday, April 11, 2019

Collaboration with Illegal Domestic Spying Program Essay Example for Free

Collaboration with Illegal Domestic Spying Program EssayThe teddy by the Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) against AT T presents a clear infringement upon private silence. The decision to allow the spy agency- National Security Agency (NSA) exclusive access to telephone conversations and email communications of its consumers violates the fourth amendment, which guarantees every American the right to be let alone, which includes privacy of private, sensitive information.Generally, privacy is the expectation that confidential personal information disclosed in a private place leave not be disclosed to third parties, when that disclosure would cause either embarrassment or turned on(p) distress to a person of reasonable sensitivities (Standler, 1997). It is without doubt, indeed, that no individual would like to hear their bedroom conversations perceive in republic, or shrug it off if they knew somebody else at Langley was analyzing their private emails and messages sent over the phone.These supervision programs are in contravention of the US constitution and privacy safeguards instituted by Congress. The fourth amendment prohibits unwarranted incursion into individuals privacy, and the NSA surveillance was not warranted. As it were, they were conducted legal authorization or the approval of the court. Even if the political sympathies was collection criminal designate, in the wake of terrorist attacks on US soil, the fact that the consumers were not aware of the surveillance makes it a violation of privacy rights.Indeed, it is reported that the then President George Bush acknowledged authorizing the surveillance as a strategy to track and monitor terrorists who might be operating inside the US. However, some of his senior administrators are on record of confessing that the Presidents authorization went beyond the surveillance of terrorists and conceded that the program did not accede with the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (Sandler, 19 97). In any boldness, it is provided by the Fifth Amendment that no person, provided guilty, shall be compelled to stand as witness of himself in any criminal case. In a command of the first privacy case in America in 1928, Olmstead vs. the United States, Supreme Court nicety Louis Brandeis argued that it was unconstitutional to collect evidence from individuals without their knowledge and consent. In the case, Omlstead was implicated for illegally distributing alcoholic beverages, on evidence wire-tapped from his telephone conversations. The NSA surveillance program might be justified under circumstances which compromise national security.After the 9/11 attacks by terrorists believed to have connections to Al Qaeda, it becomes a matter of national reach to monitor electronic communications both domestically and internationally. This is more so the case since terrorist groups have interpreted advantage of technological revolutions in communication to network, coordinate, plan and execute their attacks. Thus, as far as ensuring the sentry go of Americans is concerned, the NSA has a right, regardless the constitutionality of such a right or the authority sanctioning it, to go the duplication mile necessary to provide that security.Nonetheless, the protocol for collecting evidential information to press criminal charges against culprits is clear stated by the law. Acting outside the bounds of legal provisions infringes personal privacy, which is clearly the case of the AT T and NSA collaboration. This is a government conspiracy to deny Americans their freedom to express themselves freely, which experts have termed as not mere wire-tapping, but a country-tapping project on ordinary Americans by NSA.In conclusion, the provide line is the unwarranted manner in which the surveillance was conducted, without the consumers knowledge. It rests with the provisions of the US constitution. It is every Americans right to be let alone. And to guard against the viol ation of that right, every unjustifiable intrusion by the government upon the privacy of the individual, whatever the means employed, must be deemed a breach of the Fourth Amendment (Avakov, 164).Works Cited Avakov, Aleksandr V. Platos dreams cognize surveillance and citizen rights from KGB to FBI. Algora Publishing, New York, 2007. Brandis Louis. U. S. Supreme Court Olmstead vs US, 277 U. S 438 (1928). June 4 1928. Retrieved August 11, 2010 http//faculty. uml. edu/sgallagher/olmstead. htm Standler, Ronald B. Privacy Law in the USA. May 26 1998. Retrieved August 11, 2010 http//www. rbs2. com/privacy. htm

Tuesday, April 9, 2019

The origin of the third world plight Essay Example for Free

The origin of the terce founding troth EssayThesisThe Third orbit countries retain continued to witness some of the most contend times in their quest for real development that would catapult their economies to march those ones of the first arenas. However these countries shit been bedevi direct by major obstacles of bad governance, corruption, and exploitation by the first adult male countries. Of gravid concern has been the character of major world bodies that have continued to impoverish these economies in the name of supporting them. The realism camber stands out as one of the culprits. IntroductionMany times is when some bulk do not understand what is meant by the term thirdly world plight. This in terms means, they are those countries that stable are developing. The third world countries are greatly in substantial indebt ness according to statistics. more than than 50% of the people living in third world countries are living below the need line this is bel ow a dollar a day.It is reckoning, how this is happening, but the World Bank has attributed all this. In 1986 1987, the World Banks president Barber Conable said that the World Bank had been a great success, yet it only oppresses the governings in the third world countries. In 1962, Robert McNamara who was the edges president led it to achieve postgraduateer loans levels and by the time he was resigning in 1981, the levels had increased from $883 million to over $12 billion. (James Bovard)McNamara and the World Bank supported Nyereres dictatorial regime and the bound gave more aid to Tanzania accordingly the cause of the current misery of the Tanzanian people. This kind of act by the World Bank was wanting, as it only deva estated the third world countries. In late 1970s, the World Bank also financed the Vietnameses government thus encouraging their brutal policies that brought about a the great unwashed of deaths of the boat people in the south sea. The bank was to finance an irrigation start that was risky, as it would be subjected to rebellion among the farmers. Farmers who resisted the project ended up being drowned in the sea. (James Bovard)The World Bank lent $600million to the Indonesian government to forcibly remove people from Java Island and resettle them in the barren islands. It was due to this transmigration, that violence erupted in Indonesia, leading to the deaths of thousands of people. Despite this fact, the bank termed this as the largest voluntary migration. This was clarion of the banks hypocrisy as it violated humans rights. The bank provided roof to the Ethiopian Marxist regime of Mengistu Haile Mariam. (James Bovard)In 1984 1985, Ethiopia was struck by famine and this forced the government to forcibly deport people in northern Ethiopia to the south. It is believed that more deaths occurred as would have been caused by the famine. The government introduced the villagilization computer programme but many people still rebelled aga inst it and were killed. Despite of all this happenings, the bank still continued to take money, as it was not concerned with the citizens but seemed to provide more help to the bureaucrats and politicians. (James Bovard)The World bank is exceedingly to blame on the poverty in the third world countries as it uses to pressure to this countries to lend more money than which is borrowed. The audit of Madagascar Morondava Irrigation and Rural Development Project is a good warning, where by the new government was pressured by the bank to accept the project so as to be submitted to the executive directors. It is evident that the World Bank gave wrong advice to the third world countries and its clearly brought in Western Africa in the project of promoting cocoa and coffee. This simply failed because the bank had encouraged the farmers to grow cash crops in unsuitable soils. (Barbara G 18)The world bank in the late 1970s and early 1980s aim, was to lend money in put up to boost food pro duction in Africa and other developing countries but this did not happen as almost 20% of the food production had fallen because much of the banks investments went to big irrigation schemes and state farms thus wastage of money. It is due to the banks poor investments that dragged down the entire economies of the third world countries. (Peter T. Bauer 21)In 1980, the world began Structural Adjustment Loans programs that encouraged policy reforms. Most of these loans were mainly going to the governments of the third world countries in repaying their debts to the bank or the planetary momentary fund.In 1984, a statement from a world banks official was bizarre, as he said, if china is to maintain a reasonable emersion rate and manageable debt service payments, it exit need to obtain the necessary additional foreigner cracking at an average interest rate below the market rate. This implied that even investments in the third world countries would not be greater than the banks interes t hence putting third world countries into deeper poverty(Peter T. Bauer 23)Problems set about by the third world countriesMalnutrition- a good example is in Kenya whereby a bank cogitation found severe malnutrition widespread among the beneficiaries. Barbara Gunnell concluded the real loser is the Kenyan government, or future generations of Kenyans who will go on paying the World Bank interest on the loan. This was due to the fact that the bank had invested $20 million in Bura irrigation but when the then president Daniel Moi toured Bura he found eroded irrigation canals, broken-down plots, poor crops, tumbledown and unsanitary housing, zebra grazing on irrigated land and on air of decay(Peter T. Bauer 23)Diseases -a lot of diseases have become wide spread in these third world countries and they include The AIDS pandemic, malaria, cholera among others. silly infrastructure- poor insfrastructure has become a major threat to these countries as many accidents occur though roads tha t are constructed well but the cost of maintenance is quite high hence they become dilapidated. (Peter T. Bauer 24)Desertification- an example is in Botswana whereby two livestock projects that were to promote cattle rising resulted to overgrazing. The bank further introduced a third livestock project despite the fact that it led to overgrazing. (Peter T. Bauer 26)Displacement- the bank is spending about half a billion dollars in the largest westwards-flowing river in India to dam it. This was proved that it would end up displacing thousands of people and destroying a lot of land but the World Bank went ahead with its plan.Insecurity- the third world countries have been faced with high rate of insecurity as foreign direct investments have been directed to other regions hence of no benefits to these countries as high crime rates still continues. (Peter T. Bauer 33)Poverty many people in the third world countries are living below the poverty line due to the indebt ness that they have to their donors, international momentary fund and the World Bank. (Peter T. Bauer 34)ConclusionIt is evident that though the World Bank has helped these countries, it is majorly to blame for pull their economies. For all countries in the world to be at par, it only would be best to cancel of, the debt of the alleged(prenominal) third world countries. The bank ought to encourage reductions in lending capital to enable these countries economies to grow. It could also not lend capital that will be of bad use, as this only benefits politicians of these countries and continues to deteriorate their economies.Works CitedBarbara Gunnell, The neat Bura Irrigation Scheme Disaster, African Business (April 1986) 18.James Bovard The World Bank vs. the World Poor Policy synopsis Retrieved on 13th May 2008 from http//www.cato.org/pubs/pas/pa092.htmlPeter T. Bauer Equality. The Third World. And Economic Delusion Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 1981 p. 21.

Monday, April 8, 2019

Introduction of Shipping Containers Essay Example for Free

Introduction of Shipping Containers EssayUntil the 1960s, exile had not changed much in decades. Handling consignment was a drudge-intensive activity, and transportation make ups and timeswhether by reason or by seawere huge obstacles to trade, often making transcontinental, let alone global, and trade economically unfeasible. How of all time something happened that changed that. That was the invention of the shipping container. The birth of the shipping container dates back to April 26, 1956 when a crane lifted fifty-eight aluminum truck bodies aboard an a ship called the Ideal-X docked in reinvigoratedark, New Jersey. Five sidereal days later, the ship sailed in Houston, where fifty- eight trucks waited to control on the metal boxes and take them to their destinations. This heralded the beginning of a new era. Decades have passed since that fateful day which changed the world. Today we live in a globalized world so it is very difficult for us to fifty-fifty imagine t he extent to which the container changed the world. In 1956, China was not the worlds workshop. It was not common to find Japanese electronics and cars in the middle of Dhaka. Western appargonl brands didnt have their products manufactured in Bangladesh either.Before the advent of the container, transporting goods was expensive. So expensive that it did not pay to ship m each things center(a) across the country, much less halfway around the world. The introduction of the container had an enormous impact upon the worlds economy. The masses of poorly paid workers who at one time made their life sentences loading and unloading ships ended up losing their jobs. Cities that had been centers of maritime commerce for ages, such as New York and Liverpool, saw their harbors decline due to them being unsuited to the container trade.Merchant sailors, who had sailed out to see the world, had their traditional days-long put down leave in exotic harbors replaced by a few hours ashore at a ou tside(a) parking lot for containers, their vessel ready to weigh anchor the instant the high-speed cranes finished place huge metal boxes off and on the ship. But even as it helped destroy the old economy, the container helped pass water a new one. Harbors such as Busan and Seattle moved into the front ranks of the worlds ports, and massive new ports were built in places deal Felixstowe, in England, and Tanjung Pelepas, in Malaysia.Small towns, cold away from the cities, could take advantage of their cheap land and low wages to attracted factories freed from the need to be near a port to enjoy cheap transportation. all-inclusive industrial complexes where thousands of workers manufactured products from start to finish gave way to smaller, more than than specialized plants that shipped components and half-finished goods to one another in ever lengthening supply chains. Poor countries, desperate for economic development, could realistically dream of becoming suppliers to souse d countries far away.Huge industrial complexes were built in places Los Angeles and Hong Kong, only because the be of bringing raw materials in and sending finished goods dropped extensively. The container made shipping cheap, and by doing so changed the economic geography of the world. It was now easier than ever before to transport goods all over the world. Goods could now be manufactured anywhere and sold anywhere. thank to the container the world had generate a smaller place.This new economic geography allowed firms whose ambitions had been purely domestic to become international companies, allowing them to export their products and selling them abroad almost as effortlessly as selling them nearby. Those who had no desire to go international learned that they had no choice. Whether they liked it or not, they were competing globally because the global mart was coming to them. High shipping costs no longer offered protection to high-cost producers whose biggest advantage was bei ng geographically close to their customers.Even with customs duties and time delays, factories in Malaysia could deliver blouses to Macys in Herald Square more cheaply than could blouse manufacturers in the nearby lofts of New Yorks garment district. The world was full of small manufacturers selling topically in 1956 but by the end of the twentieth vitamin C, purely local markets for goods of any sort were passing rare. The container as useful as it was to facilitating economic growth was not warmly received by the workers. The workers, as consumers gained plenty due to the container. They enjoyed infinitely more choices thanks to the global trade stimulated by the consumer.The change magnitude trade brought about an increased level of competition which held prices down. Consumers all over the world enjoyed higher living standards due to the ready availability of inexpensive imported consumer goods. However as wage earners the workers werent withal receptive of containers. In th e years after World War II, wartime devastation created vast demand magical spell low levels of international trade kept competitive forces under control.In this exceptional environment, workers and trade unions in North America, Western Europe, and Japan were able to egotiate nearly continuous improvements in wages and benefits, while political relation programs provided ever stronger safety nets. The workweek grew shorter, disability pay was made more generous, and retirement at lux or sixty-two became the norm. The container helped bring an end to that unprecedented advance. Low shipping costs helped make great even more mobile, increasing the bargaining power of employers against their far less mobile workers. In this highly integrated world economy, the pay of workers in Dhaka sets limits on wages in New York.For manufacturers it became more preferable to manufacture abroad in underdeveloped countries as pay and work place standards are low in underdeveloped countries. How m uch the container matters to the world economy is impossible to quantify. In the ideal world, we would like to know how much it cost to send one thousand mens shirts from Dhaka to Toronto in 1955, and to track how that cost changed as containerization came into use. Such data do not exist, but it seems clear that the container brought sweeping reductions in the cost of moving freight.From a ship carrying a few dozen containers that would not fit on any other vessel, container shipping matured into a highly automated, highly standardized industry on a global scale. An enormous containership can be loaded with a minute fraction of the labor and time required to handle a small conventional ship half a century ago. A few crew members can manage the entire vessel. A trucker can posit a trailer at a customers loading dock, hook up another trailer, and drive on immediately, rather than watching his expensive rig stand idle while the contents are removed. all in all of those changes are co nsequences of the container revolution. Transportation has become so efficient that for many purposes, freight costs do not much effect economic decisions. Containerization has without a doubt changed the world. It has caused time-space compression that has greatly impacted economic geography. Places far away could now transfer all kinds of goods between them due to shipping containers. In simple speech communication it has made the world a smaller place.

Sunday, April 7, 2019

Bio Cement Essay Example for Free

Bio Cement EssayThe tolerate aims at attaining high durability of concrete and gaining high intensiveness of cement. We plan to make use of bacterial species which can hydrolyze the enzyme Urease efficiently to publish microbial concrete. Such bacterial are known to produce calcium which is useful in giving strength to cement.We are working in 2 stages. phase angle 1 Here we check the effect of bacterial declaration on cement mortar and on with that we check the effectiveness of the bacterial solution to fill the cracks in concrete by haste of calcium in the cracks. Stage 2 To prepare concrete using the cement and solution (bacterial) in best ratio and checking its effectiveness from strength and durability perspective.Till now Stage 1 is partially everywhere We wee make use of this bacterial solution(Emulsion Bacillus culture+ nutrient broth+ sucrose+ carbamide+ calcium chloride+ antifungal agent(g insurrectionofulvin)to heal the existing cracks in the concrete walls. For achieving high 7 old age we have made use of bacterial solution in some fixed proportion with water. The 7 days test was performed on 7/12/11 with 5%, 10%, and 15% of the bacterial solution with respective percentage of water. We have gained a significant percentage increase in the strength of the cubes made with bacterial solution with water versus those made with only waterBacteria at workMicrobially generate calcite precipitation (MICP)Microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP) is known to be a natural phenomenon associated with a wide purge of bacterial species such as Bacillus spp. provided the right conditions, namely, an alkaline environment rich in Ca2+ ions. bacterially induced mineralization has recently emerged as a method for protecting and consolidating decayed construct materials. Calcite (CaCO3) is one of the nearly common and widespread minerals on the earth, constituting 4% by weight of the earths crust.Calcite precipitation is a common phenomenon whic h forms natural rock and exists in environments such as marine water, fresh water, and soils. Microbial calcite precipitation can be induced by organisms involved in the nitrogen cycle, via the hydrolysis of urea by enzyme urease, which results in the production of carbonate ions in the forepart of ammonium. atomic number 20 carbonate is readily precipitated under these conditions, in the presence of calcium.Microbial calcite precipitation comprises a series of complex biochemical reactions. During microbial urease activity, 1 groyne of urea is hydrolyzed intracellularly to 1 mol of ammonia and 1 mol of carbonate, which spontaneously hydrolyzes to form additional 1 mol of ammonia and carbonic acid. Subsequently, these products equilibrate in water to form bicarbonate, 1 mol of ammonium and hydroxide ions which give rise to a pH increase and ions Ca2+ and CO32- present in the surrounding precipitate as CaCO3. Urea hydrolysis is the most easily controlled of the carbonate generatin g reactions, with the potential to produce high concentrations of carbonate within a short time.Bacillus spp. was used in this study. The culture was grown in Nutrient broth-urea (NBU) medium containing peptone, sodium chloride, yeast extract, 2% urea and 25mM calcium chloride and incubated at room temperature on shaker condition (130 rpm). Calcium chloride acts as the source of calcium ions and urea as the source of carbonate ions.Observations* There is a rise in the compressive strength of the mortar cubes till 5 % bacterial solution. * The strength is reduced when the proportion of bacterial solution is increased up to 10 % and beyond. * The cubes with 15% bacterial solution shows 8 % decrease in strength. * The 1%, 2%, 3% cubes developed less cracks in comparison to control cubes. * The cubes when observed later testing , the control cubes had more number of empty pores.Conclusion* 3% cubes showed an increase in compressive strength of 36 % in comparison to control cubes.* Redu ction in empty pore space.(which prevent the access of water and other chemicals )* Bacteria does not have any physical effect on the cement.* chemically inert.* Bacterial solution can be prepared on a large scale .* No skilled labour is required.* Its production is economical.References* Microbial activity on the microstructure of bacteria modified mortar by S.Ghosh, M.Biswas, B.D. Chattopadhyay, S.Mandal. * Effect of calcifying bacteria on permeation properties of concrete structures by Dr. Varenyam Achal. * Work on BacillaFilla by forward-looking Castle University.

Saturday, April 6, 2019

Large Intestine Essay Example for Free

Large Intestine Essay legion(predicate) people practically confuse the large intestine with the small intestine. However the large intestine is wider (about 3 inches) yet shorter than the small intestine(in humans about 4. 9 feet in length as comp ared with 22 25 feet for the small intestine) and has a smooth inner wall. (Britannica) The large intestine consists of the cecum, ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid colon, rectum and anus. The hankeritudinal muscle of the muscularisexterna is concentrated into 3 bands called teniae coli.These 3 bands of muscle form pouches (haustra) because they are shorter than the rest of the colon. The epithelium of the mucous membrane is mostly goblet cells, and has a numerousamount of crypts, there are no villi. (Martini, Ph. D. ) The ileocecal valve (sphincter) prevents materials from moving hind end into the ileum. In the upper half of the large intestine, enzymes from the small intestine complete the digestive process and bact erium produces the B vitamins (B12, thiamin, and riboflavin) as well as vitamin K. Martini, PhD)The large intestines primary function is to absorb water and electrolytes from digestive residues and storage of fecal matter until it can be expelled. The large intestine is the last attraction in digestive tube and the location of the terminal phases of digestion. In comparison to other regions of the tube, there are enormous differences among species in the relative size and complexity of the large intestine. Nonetheless, in all species it functions in three processes (Marieb) * recuperation of water and electrolytes *Formation and storage of feces Microbial fermentationA wide variety of diseases and disorders sink in the large intestine. The most frequent and common disease of the large intestine is Crohns disease. The cause of Crohns disease is unknown. ( Britannica) Apart from the greater tendency for fistulas to form and for the wall of the intestine to thicken until the channel is obstructed, it is distinguishable from ulcerative colitis by microscopic findings. In Crohns disease, the maximum damage occurs beneath the mucosa, and lymphoid conglomerations, known as granulomata, are formed in the submucosa.Crohns disease attacks the perianal tissues more often than does ulcerative colitis. Although these two diseases are not common, they are disabling. ( Britannica) Because there is no specific etiology, a combination of anti-inflammatory drugs, including corticosteroids and aminosalicylic acid compounds, is employ to treat Crohns disease. (Web MD) The drugs are effective both in treating acute episodes and in suppressing the disease over the long term. Depending on the circumstances, hematinics, vitamins, high-protein diets, and blood transfusions are also used.Surgical resection of the portion of the large bowel affected is often done. The entire colon whitethorn have to be removed and the small intestine brought out to the disrobe as an ileostomy an ope ning to serve as a substitute for the anus. In ulcerative colitis, as remote to Crohns disease, the rectal muscle may be preserved and the ileum brought through it and joined to the anus. (Web MD) Lactose intolerance is the softness to digest significant amounts of lactose, the major excoriation found in milk.Lactose intolerance is caused by a shortage of the enzyme lactase, which is produced by the cells that line the small intestine. Lactase breaks down milk sugar into two simpler forms of sugar called glucose and galactose, which are then absorbed into the bloodstream. Lactose intolerance is a problem caused by the digestive system. (lactose) passel who do not have enough lactase to digest the amount of lactose they consume may feel very uncomfortable when they digest milk products.

Friday, April 5, 2019

Essay on Administrative Reforms in the Philippiens Essay Example for Free

Essay on Administrative Reforms in the Philippiens EssayA view was made by the sphere buzzword about the extent of corruption in the Philippines. The study reveals the universe of a consensus in the judiciary, non organizational and international circles that corruption in the public and private spheres in the Philippines is pervasive and deep-rooted, skin senses even the judiciary and mass media (Chay Florentino-Holifena, 1998). This is collaborated by the data collected in September 1998 by brotherly Weather Station (SWS).The survey says that nearly two thirds of the respondent thought that corruption exists in the presidency with 38% saying a great deal while 34% saying some. Also, according to transparency International which calculated that Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) n the Philippines, on a scale of1 (higher perception of corruption) to 10 (negligible perception), the CPI for the Philippines was 3. 6 in 1999. Out of the 99 countries rated, the Philippines was perceived as the Fifty-fifth least corrupt.As a result of the problem of prevalence of corruption in the Philippines, wherefore President Joseph Estrada asked the World Bank to make recommendations to assistant the Philippine judicature strengthen its make out against corruption. For its part, the Philippines thought that the need for a stronger anti-corruption computer program is imperative considering that it is being cited with increasing frequency by international business surveys and anticorruption agencies as a terra firma where corruption inhibit foreign and domestic investment.The need for stronger anti-corruption program by the Philippines is alike brought about by the effects of corruption which drains away limited and scarce resources of the Philippine government for exploitation, distorts access to government service by poor communities and undermines the public confidence in the governments determination to help alleviate poverty and fleck corruption. In addition, the need for stronger anti-corruption program is made imperative in view of the importance of attracting international instigate which is severely hampered by the international image of the Philippines as one of he haven of corruption in Asia.It must also be stressed that the move towards improvement in the public administration is a global thin that has affected even Southeast Asian countries which desire to improve public administration (M. Shamshul Haque, p. 1297). The World Bank then throwd a Nine-Point Approach in fighting corruption in the Philippines as its recommendation for creating a national strategy for fighting corruption in the Philippines. The principle behind the Nine-Point advance is focusing on reducing opportunities and motivation for corruption and making corruption a high-risk and low-reward activity.World Bank therefore recommended nine key elements for the national anticorruption program a) reducing opportunities for corruption by insurance refor ms and deregulation b) reforming campaign finance c) increasing public oversight d) reforming budget processes e) improving meritocracy in the well-bred service f) targeting selected departments and agencies g) enhancing sanctions for corruption h) developing partnerships with the private sector and i) supporting judicial reform (Combatting Corruption in the Philippines, 2000, viii).In the light of the necessity of implementing reforms in the Philippines, this paper seeks to discuss the three areas of governance that may help in the attainment of the national goals of the Philippines which is to eradicate corruption, lessen the bureaucracy, minimize overlaps in program implementation by government agencies and check the expansion of government activities. These areas are (1) decentralization and local governance, (2) economic deregulation and privatization and (3) mankind resource management.Reforms in local Governance and Decentralization The Philippines follows a Unitary form o f government in which there is a concentration of political big businessmans and consent in the national government. Legislative exponent, or the situation to make, amend, repeal or alter them is vested in telling which is composed of the Senate and the House of Re certifyatives.Executive power, or the power to administer and enforce laws, is vested in the President. Judicial power, or the power to settle actual controversies involving rights, is vested in the imperative Court and ther lower courts. This is unlike the United States which adopts the Federal system of government in which political powers and authority are shared between the national government and the individual states. However, the 1987 Constitution in recognition of the humankind of territorial and political subdivisions of the Philippines which are responsiblenesss, cities, municipalities and barangays, has given these territorial subdivisions local autonomy for the purpose of making them useful and effici ent partners in national building.Thus Article X Section 3 of the 1987 Constitution provides that The Congress shall enact a local government code which shall provide for a to a greater extent responsive and responsible local government structure instituted through a system of decentralization with in effect(p) mechanisms of recall, initiative and referendum, apportion among the different local government units their powers, responsibilities and resources and provide for the qualifications, election, appointment and removal, term, salaries, powers and functions and duties of local officials, and all other matters relating to the organization and public presentation of local units. (Art X, Sec 3, 1987 Constitution)The constitution also gives the local government financial autonomy for them to be capable to provide basic service to their constituents, to wit Each local government unit shall have the power to create its own sources of revenues and to levy taxes, fees, and charges subject to such guidelines and limitations as the Congress ma provide coherent with the basic policy of local autonomy. Such taxes, fees and charges shall accrue exclusively to the local governments. (Art X, Section 5, 1987 Constitution)As a result of the delegation of some powers and authority by the national government, the local government has been important and live machineries in the attainment of national goals of the Philippines. The national government has learned that delegating some of its powers lead modify it to focus on more pressing national concerns. It has also learned that giving communities local and fiscal autonomy will help make them proactive partners by the national government in the fight for corruption and advancement of he country. As a result, the local communities have been able to transform themselves to mini-governments that arse to a certain extent sustain the needs of their constituents. The local government units have been able to propose innova tions on how to help the national government. These are a) Taking Care of People and Environment in Negros eastern which is a bulge geared towards developing and improving the quality of life in Negros Oriental, a province in the South of Philippines.The stand out necessitates the construction of community hospital that seeks to provide basic health services and information dissemination campaign to inform the great deal on how to take care of their environment b) parsimony the Mangroves of Kalibo, Aklan is a send geared towards the reforestation of a fifty hectare swampland c) Saving the Marikina River is a project whose primary goal is to restore the Marikina River for the purpose of making it one of the major tourist destination of the metropolis d) The Mandaluyong Public Market is a partnership between the private sector and the city for the private sector to built and operate a market on a land owned by the city.This project is now the source of the revenues of the city which it now uses to support its provision of basic services to its constituents e) Transforming Malalag into a barbarian Agro-Industrial Centre in Davao Del is another example of the effect of empowering local government units as partners with other government agencies in local administration and management, human resource development f) Acquiring a Complete Equipment mob in Munoz, Nueva Ecija is a project of the local government unit in acquiring under-utilized equipment from national government and making good use of them in rebuilding the local government unit g) Floating Bonds for execrable Cost Housing in Victorias, Negros Occidental is a project of the local government unit which involve floating of bonds to finance house projects of its constituents h) Improving the Productivity in Naga metropolis is a local government units project that focuses on providing services to the constituents, getting optimum outputs with minimum expenditures, producing quality results as desi red and planned and making services accessible and acceptable based on the principle of great good for the greatest numberi) Number Code Scheme in Makati City is a project geared towards easing the traffic in the business district of thePhilippines j) Medical, Dental and Legal Mission in Caloocan City which is a project that seeks to deliver medical, dental and even legal advises to poor residents in Caloocan City j) Solid Waste Management Program in Bulacan is a project designed to ensure that the people learn to segregate and properly dispose of their garbage. Privatization Program Privatization is essentially the sale or lease of assets of the government. It is make either because the country realizes how efficient the private sector is in business management or because the government seeks to earn redundant revenues and that privatizing its assets will be instrumental in the governments economic development program. Privatization of government assets started in 1986 during an era of political turmoil as the country has overthrown the dictatorial rule of the cause President Marcos. This is the first curl of privatization.At the time the government wanted to dispose the assets which have been cloistered from the friends and relatives of President Marcos (Lauro A. Ortile p. 130). Other properties were also included in the privatization such as those that were foreclosed and taken over by banks. The second wave started in 1990 with the disposition of government properties in the utilities and infrastructure sectors which were formerly state-subsidized (Lauro A. Ortile p. 130). The third wave consists in opening of a wide range of public services such as housing health, postal services and pension funds (Lauro A. Ortile p. 130). According to the Department of Finance, privatization has yielded positive results for the government.It has not only generated additional revenues, but it has also broaden the base of ownership and fostered favorable climate for investors (Privatization Monitor, 2004, p. 1). Since 1987, the revenue generated from the privatization program has reached more than P200 billion for the Philippines. According to United Nation Public Administration Network (UNPAN) (1997), the Philippine Civil service of process more than doubled from 430,000 in 1971 to 840,000 in 1980 to almost 1 million in 1985 (Mirshariff Tillah, 2005, p. 27 ) By itself, there is essentially nothing wrong in having a intumescent workforce. It may be argued that having a large workforce aids in the delivery of public services and gives employment opportunities to a large number of people.However, if despite having a large workforce delivery of public service is still in arrears and the amount allocated given to these civil servants eats away a large percentage of the national budget, then having a large workforce is a serious cause of concern. It must be stressed for a country like the Philippines, cutting down the size of its civil servants i s imperative in the sense that money used to pay for the salaries of non-performing employees may be utilized for infrastructure and delivery of public services. As a result, then President Fidel Ramos implemented one of the legislative measures designed to downsize the government and ensure that its existing employees will be more effectively utilized.This is the Republic Act 7430 An Act Providing for Optimum Utilization of Personnel in Government Service through a System of corrasion which is otherwise known as the Attrition jurisprudence. The objective was attained simply by means of freeze hiring and preventing the filling of positions that become vacant payable to resignation, retirements or death (Mirshariff Tillah, p. 27). The Attrition Law is still being currently implemented until now. It has been so effective that it has arrested the upward trend in government employment. Though it has not completely stopped the upward trend of the government employment, the same howeve r has caused the increase to slow down.Research shows that the start of the implementation of the Attrition Law in June 1992, the total number of filled positions was 1,237,435. This number was reduced in 1993 and 1994 but increased from 1995 to 1996. The present figure of 1,213,602, however, still remains lower than the 1992 level (Administrative Reforms Country Profiles of Five Asian Countries p. 117). It is also estimated that the five-year implementation of the Attrition Law, has resulted in savings for the Philippine government in the amount of more than 6 billion pesos (US$ 240 million) (Administrative Reforms Country Profiles of Five Asian Countriesp. 117). ConclusionThe Philippines has undertaken dramatic changes in the last hardly a(prenominal) decades. These policy changes are manifested in the legislative measures that have been passed which are designed to eradicate corruption, minimize the bureaucracy, and minimize overlaps in program implementation by government agen cies. Though there are a sess more changes to be done, the future is bright for the Philippines as these measures are initial steps that have been taken towards national development. This is a sample essay from smartessaywriters. com the leading provider of reliable and affordable essay writing services and research paper writing services in the United States and the United Kingdom.