Reflective Independent Learning Essay

1. A critical part of being an independent learner is reflecting on your learning. Go to the following link from the University of Hull and learn more on how to be a reflective learner: University of Hawaii Reflective Learning 2. Being an independent learner is a guiding principle for university learning and success. Clearly, learning independently is a complex activity that involves many things but crucially it requires the ability to take responsibility for and to reflect on your learning so that you can achieve the goals that you set for yourself. Find out more about what it means to be an independent learner and how you can improve in this area by going to the following link and reading this article from Hull University: â€Å"Study Advice† 1. Write a short paragraph answering the following questions: a) Describe several things that you have done or are doing at university that would be defined as independent learning. b) Being motivated, confident and reflective were highlighted in the article as key to independent learning. How do you rate yourself in these areas? c) Referring to the articles above, describe how you can improve your independent learning. One of the important things that I use and I define as independent learning is portfolios. I use them not only for all my classes but also for everything I take a picture of or draw or write or even tutorials that shows how to make things. I consider that very important because it helps me to remember everything I did and I liked, so every time I take my portfolio and browse it, I remember all the good and positive things I did and that make me happy. In my opinion, motivation, confidence, and reflection are the fundamental keys to be an efficient independent learner because they give energy that make you feel that you want to do something that you like. And when you do something you like it gives you motivation and confidence. It‘s a kind of cycle that never ends. And personally I think those three elements are what keep artists doing the good work. In my case I use normal portfolios, but the negative thing about that is that a certain time I will end up having many portfolios which will take a lot of space.

Families in poverty in Australia Essay

One of the important global plan is to eliminate poverty by 2015 as per UN Millennium Development Goals. Every day approximately 30,000 children are losing precious lives due to living in precarious conditions. (Make Poverty History) It is high time to bring a big change in the lives of people who deserve to meet the minimum needs for living. Not just one nation or two whereas a collective effort of all people beginning from Australia to the remote parts of other nations, is required to completely eradicate poverty. Especially in Australia poverty is on the rise from 7. 6 per cent to 9.9 per cent between the period of 1994-2004 (Australian Fair Campaign) Poverty levels are at a higher rate when compared with the poverty line of UK and Ireland. In spite of the fact that Australia’s economy is growing, there are two million Australians living in poverty according to (ACOSS) Australian Council of Social Service. Australia is ranked 14th in the developed world for poverty (UN Human Poverty Index) â€Å"There are two many areas where Australia is falling behind other OECD nations† â€Å"Governments need to ensure the benefits of the economic prosperity are shared with all Australians†(ACOSS President Lin Hatfield Dobbs) The following indicate the status of people in Australia as on September 2001. (Australian Bureau of Statistics) (a) There were 672,500 unemployed (officially) (b) There were 563,500 underemployed (c) 800,000 would like to work more This paper picks an issue of families living in poverty especially belonging to Australia which is a renowned nation for tourism and rich in natural resources. What are the ground reasons for continuous existence of poverty in a nation where there are industries, clean environment and beautiful landscapes which encourage foreign tourists to choose Australia as a destination point to reside either as a tourist or as an immigrant. Similarly, there are reputed educational institutions and universities in Australia which if collectively notified that a greater number of foreign students enroll for career advancements in Universities of Australia than the domestic students of Australia. This gives out a fact that, people around the world select and consider Australia as one of the best nation to opt for to reside as an immigrant, as a tourist, as a foreign student or for expansion of business ventures. An overall view about Australia as a nation produces a fact that, it invites tourists of all cultures and backgrounds and offers a multi-ethnicity atmosphere to all its residents. In the order of pursuing other priorities of economic development of nation, Australia could possibly be giving a lenient view to its domestic citizens and families in providing jobs, medical health schemes which otherwise are provided at a lesser cost in the other parts of Europe, in order to take care of its citizens as a premium issue, which is very important economic aspect that resident families are cared and nurtured after all families make societies which in turn make a healthy nation. In order to find how well and happy families are, a poll opinion was considered by Brother hood of St. Laurence in Australia which revealed that a mindset of middle class economy is prevalent and poverty is always secondary (Stewart 1996). An analysis and understanding of poverty has basically two phases. (1) a phase of listening (2) a phase of dialogue. Brotherhood has considered the poll of general public, group discussions, politicians, academics, telephone interviews, business leaders, community leaders which included both qualitative and quantitative findings. Basing on the general public opinion, the following findings were the result of Brotherhood’s research on poverty in Australia. Firstly and quite observantly, Brotherhood stated that poverty is least rated at 5 per cent as compared to any other issue such as unemployment, education, health, environment and other chronic issues of narcotics and games of casino or betting. The other ratings are, drugs at 25%, unemployment at 17%, divide between rich and poor at 16%, education at 13%, health at 9%, environment at 9%, gambling at 7% and poverty at 5%. Poverty line as established by Henderson in 1973 explains that an income of $62. 70 is a benchmark which is a disposable income for a family of four. (parents + two children).

Bad Boys II Movie Review

Bad Boys II Movie Review The film Bad Boys II, starring two cops named Marcus and Mike (Martin Lawrence and Will Smith), is set in Miami where both partners are assigned to look for clues and evidence for an international drug dealer’s arrest. As they start with the investigation and stake outs, they find themselves insulting each other, fighting like little brothers, and messing up operations. Aside from cop work, Marcus soon discovers some information about the whereabouts and actions of his sister (Gabrielle Union), who is also an undercover agent working for the FBI. Stunned, Marcus becomes irritated with his partner and debates if he really should transfer. The movie’s genre was mostly action-packed. The strengths of the action part because the actors were racing against time to achieve a goal, the shootouts that took place, and tons of explosions. The strength of the romance parts shows Mike and Marcus’ sister together occasionally showing their love affections to one another while trying to hide the secret from Marcus. The strength of the comedy part is when the partners argue or when Marcus freaks out about his sister dating his Mike. A weakness throughout the entire movie was there was too many arguments between the partners when the focus of the movie should’ve been on the case. The movie fulfilled all the parts of story plot, but the visual effects and the audio needed work. One problem was that during the night scenes, the lighting throughout the scene wasn’t good because I couldn’t tell who was talking, who the characters were, and where the cameras were supposed to be focused in on. Naturally, actors’ voices tend to be quieter at night to fit the mood in the scene but I could barely hear the characters’ lines. There were no big distractions that deterred my attention away from the focus of the scene, it’s just the work of the audio and visual. This could’ve been fixed by adding mics on the actors adding props like light posts to or candles near them to enhance the lighting in the scene. While the movie is filled with action and is barely slowed paced, certain parts are realistic but not all. For example, when the international drug dealer, Carlos ‘Johnny’ Tapia’s (Jordi Molla) operation is discovered by the cops, he decides to takes Marcus’ sister hostage after discovering she is an agent. In my opinion, this isn’t realistic because you wouldn’t have your sister working as an agent, she wouldn’t be working on the same mission as you, and she wouldn’t get kidnapped to be forced to leave to Cuba with the enemy. Another example is during a chasing scene, Mike is behind the wheel, Marcus and his sister are trying to lose the enemies in pursuit by shooting at them. At one point they cross through a village where there looks to be inhabited by Cubans but there is no people in the huts or around the village. If there are two trucks running through a village, destroying their property, where was everyone? Where did they go? The least the movie directors could’ve done is have people scream in fear to make it look inhabited. Compared to the first â€Å"Bad Boys† movie, this movie is completely differently but does have the same story plot. In the first movie, there is a drug dealer or the antagonist, the two heroes, the sidekick, and operations. The second movie has everything the first movie has just a little more detailed than the first. The difference between the two movies was the time difference. The time was really important when comparing the movies together, because of the advancement in the camera technology, the filters used, and how realistic the explosions were or the actors’ lines. Overall, I believe the movie is an ok movie. It’s a film worth seeing if you’re into action, and like explosions spraying across the television. Aside from being action-packed and funny, it can also be informative, which is something not a lot of movies directors input into movies nowadays. Michael Bay has proven to world yet again that this film can be a hyperkinetic. Bay gives the audience a new surprise around every corner, giving the movie a new kind of excitement. Some of the viewers and fans have also requested a third movie to come out and directors have heard requests and plan on making a sequel, meaning this won’t be the last time hearing from the two bad boys for life.

Fundamentals of Finance Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Fundamentals of Finance - Coursework Example The returns of HSBC are compared against the London Stock Exchange and against Barclays Bank. This report includes the analysis of stock price movement of HSBC, Barclays Bank and London Stock Exchange. Apart from this, Beta of HSBC and Barclays have been calculated and the report also includes beta analysis of the two companies. INTRODUCTION This report analyses the stock price of one of the renowned financial institutions in the world, HSBC. HSBC is considered as the second largest financial and banking group in the world. In this report, stock price movement of HSBC has been compared with the average market movement of London Stock Exchange. In addition to this, the stock price movement of HSBC is compared with one of its competitors, Barclays Bank. In order to have better analysis, the return from market is also compared with return of Barclays as it would help in analysing better whether the movement in price is because of banking industry or the company itself. Barclays has been chosen as the competitor in the report because it is another multinational bank operating in different countries like HSBC. HSBC is considered as the second largest banking and financial services group of the world and according to Forbes Magazine it is also the second largest public company [6. 7]. ... HSBC has increased in 2010 from 2009 and it has reached to a figure of 19.04 billion with a net income of 13.16 billion USD (Annual Report and Accounts, 2010). ANALYSIS Financial Ratios: Liquidity Ratio Liquidity ratios of HSBC do not show very positive figures as the current ratio of HSBC in 2010 is 0.27 which has decreased from 0.30 in 2009. However current ratio in the last five years has been in the range of 0.27 to 0.32 which shows that the bank does not have sufficient current assets or it has too many current liabilities. Liquidity Ratios Formulae 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 Current Ratio Current Assets/Current Liabilities 0.27 0.30 0.32 0.30 0.28 Quick Ratio Current Assets - Inventory/Current Liabilities 0.27 0.30 0.32 0.30 0.28 Since banks do not have any inventory therefore, current ratio will be the same as quick ratio. Profitability Ratios: Net profit margin has increased in 2010 since 2007; however it is understandable because of the financial crisis that hurt the economy o f the world particularly the financial sector. Net profit margin has increased to 36% in 2010 from 16% showing that the economy as well as HSBC is recovering from recession. Also the return on assets is not attractive and it is representing that the bank is not using its assets effectively or they are underutilized. The same is the case with return on equity as it is too low for investors to invest. Profitability Ratios Formulae 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 Operating Income Margin Operating Income/Sales 42% 13% 18% 60% 62% Profit Margin Profit/Revenue 36% 16% 15% 54% 49% Return on Assets Profit/Assets 0.58% 0.28% 0.26% 0.87% 0.91% Return on equity Profit/Equity 4.39% 2.19% 2.22% 7.02% 7.16% Leverage Ratio Leverage ratio represents that HSBC has been heavily financed with Debt. The debt ratio

Research paper about any topic Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

About any topic - Research Paper Example But modern research suggests that the legalization can create positive impact on the economic and medical system of a country. Scientifically it has been proved that the use of marijuana is less dangerous than that of alcohol, aspirin and tobacco. Scarce law enforced for the consumption of marijuana resulted in to loss of billions of dollars. But the regulation and legalizing of marijuana can help to boost the economic growth rate of a country and decrease the crime rate. This research paper will analyze and discuss about the optimum benefits for legalization of marijuana in United States. The proper term of marijuana is cannabis sativa. Since the year 1937, the discovery of leaf has created huge controversy about its legalization. The positive impact of marijuana towards economic and medical structure of a country surpasses its negative influence. Strict laws adopted to restrict the consumption of marijuana by United States Government. Research suggests the medical importance of marijuana. Marijuana helps to reduce nausea, vomiting and reduce stress of struggling life of human beings. In United States, $5 billion spend each year to restrict people using marijuana. The humongous amount of money spend is equivalent to the 1 % GDP of United States. The medical benefit of legalization of marijuana cannot be denied. Marijuana can help to treat nausea during the time of cancer chemotherapy, Crohn’s disease, muscle spasms, seizure disorders and poor appetite. Marijuana can help to the health of lungs and reduce effect of tobacco. In January 2012, researchers of Ameri can Medical association published that the use of marijuana can help to increase the capacity of lungs. Tobacco smoking can dismantle the function of lungs but consumption of marijuana can raise the capacity of lungs. A study published in the year 2003 shows that marijuana can help to prevent epileptic seizure. Marijuana can also help to prevent eye disease called glaucoma. This

Human Resource Problems in Roanoke Branch Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Human Resource Problems in Roanoke Branch - Essay Example In order to fully determine the human resource problems in the Roanoke Branch, I have spent two weeks with the company’s employees. Since the branch is relatively small, I have administered a conference with them in order to hear their complaints and grievances. During this forum, all of them participated in clarifying the issues that they are facing. I have also conducted a survey in order to gain their consensus on issues of compensation, reward, workload, and their interrelationship with other colleagues and superiors. In summary, the Roanoke branch of Phoenix Advertising is challenged with low employee morale. The branch employees are not sufficient in order to accomplish the heavy workload. The mounting customer demand requires overtime which are unpaid. Aside from these, the Roanoke branch is paying relatively low compensation compared to the industry rates. Artists also feel rejected and almost everyone is not motivated to excel in their positions. All these result to o perational inefficiencies and substandard output. There is also a threat from workers that they might resort to other business organizations which can better give them the better benefits and working condition. Recommendations 1. Employee empowerment can boost employee morale. This can be done by including artists in decision making. Before starting a project, the company's account supervisor should closely coordinate with the artists in order for them to know the customer's requirement. With this, artists will not feel that their creative efforts are rejected. This also helps in eliminating reworks. 2. A new compensation package should be designed. The Roanoke Branch should see to it that it is pays employees for their overtime and holiday works. It is recommended that the branch based its compensation package on industry rates. 3. The branch should hire two more artists in order to efficiently allocate the workload. 4. Evaluation of employee performance should be conducted on a quarterly basis. 5. The new compensation package should also include non-monetary rewards. This includes recognition for the jobs well done in the form of spa and leisure packages for exceptional employee performance. 6. The Roanoke branch must establish a program where employees can air their complaints and grievances. This will enable the branch to improve its dealings with employees.

The style of clothing and hairstyles of the 1800 Essay

The style of clothing and hairstyles of the 1800 - Essay Example A large number of Americans imitated the clothing and hair styles from overseas, while underprivileged Americans utilized economical fabrics so as to afford clothing (Dror, 2004). Despite women having long hair, they were likely to wear it up. During this time, France was experiencing economic hardships. Napoleon proposed new culture and fashion style because he realized the probability of revenue in the textile industry. Members of the noble class were not permitted to wear the same clothes twice, thus were compelled to buy additional fabrics. Ladies dresses were characterized by high waists and full skirts. Additional fabrics were used for evening wear. White was the dominant color among the wealthy and style was inspired by Classical Grecian robes. Moreover, for females’ dresses, the waistline moved towards the bustline. Dresses were created using thin fabric, typically, muslin, and skirts were not full. Necklines were square and low, and sleeves were capped and tight (Dror, 2004). Females frequently put on pelisses during winter. The pelisse is a coat with a waist that matches the waistline of the dress. During the early part of this period, males wore derbies and top hats. Breeches were tightly fitted and longer, highlighting male’s calves. Later, males begun wearing trousers and pants were longer. Moreover, coats contained long tails at the back and were short in the front. Males put on double-breast coats with stiff and thick collars. Also, blouses were made of muslin or linen. Females in this period designed their hair in a Y or T shape. The back of the hair was put in a bun or braided and pinned, while the front was trimmed approximately chin size and frequently coiled into soft ringlets (Dror, 2004). Later, females’ hairstyles were ornate and extravagant, for example, Madonna, which contained a central part with numerous coils in layers on the crown and front of the head, and Apollo knot, which was made up of two outsized knots decorated

Comparison of Mary (from the long poem Half Hanged Mary) and Offred Essay

Comparison of Mary (from the long poem Half Hanged Mary) and Offred (from The Handmaid's Tale) - Essay Example Mary survives a hanging ranged over several hours In addition to that both Mary and Offred experience lack of empathy from the women. Mary expects her supposed friends to help her. She reflects upon the ways she had helped them in different ways, expecting them to help her out now; While Mary’s old friends do not empathize with her while she is hung because they want to be different from her, Serena, the Commander’s wife, assists the Commander in his heinous act of making love to Offred just for the sake of a baby. Both Mary and Offred find that women are only there to maximize their sufferings rather than reducing them. Serena’s distaste for Offred is evident from the way she asks Offred to leave after she has had sex with the Commander; she says, â€Å"You can get up now. Get up and get out† (Atwood 95). Mary and Offred differ in their experiences. While Mary’s punishment is a tale that ranges from 7:00 pm to 8:00 am, Offred suffers for many months. The nature of their punishments is totally different from each other. Mary is hanged whereas Offred is punished in terms of her forced separation from Luke and her daughter, forced sex with the Commander, and indecent proposals from the doctor, and a life of submissiveness and servitude to the Commander. Although both Mary and Offred are women of strong nerves, yet Mary expresses it overtly whereas Offred’s patience and stamina is evident from the multifarious traumatic experiences she narrates in the story and yet retains the courage to give her life a last chance by escaping in the wan. Mary expresses her determination in these words, Mary and Offred are both women and this is their crime. Mary and Offred find other women involved in men’s ways to traumatize them. Mary and Offred have strong nerves. The two women differ in their nature of sufferings, their experiences, and the duration of their

Compare and contrast the two different Native American Groups before Term Paper

Compare and contrast the two different Native American Groups before white contact - Term Paper Example He was the first European to land here what later was called as the â€Å"Americas†. Later explorers also called the Native Americans â€Å"Indians† although they stayed nowhere near India. Experts say that around 20 to 50 million people were staying the Americas by 1492. Mayans and Aztecs lived in the area which is presently known as Mexico. In the north, (present Ohio), Hopewell civilization had already flourished before Columbus came. There were farmers, hunters, fishermen, traders, craftsmen all over the continent at that time. (Reynoldson, 2000, p. 4-6) The Native American Groups The Native American groups discussed here are the â€Å"Inuitâ€Å"and the â€Å"Nez Perce† groups. The Inuit Shelter, food and clothes The Inuit lived in the coldest terrain of the earth, i.e. the Arctic Circle. Their houses were made of driftwood or bones of whale. However, the Inuit who lived in the colder areas, built dome like snow houses during the winter months. They built these with huge blocks of snow and then cut out a doorway to enter in it. Around the snow walls, inside, a ledge of snow blocks was built which were covered by caribou furs to sit and sleep over those. All the insulations were done in such a manner that the temperature inside the house could be easily kept as high as 160C, particularly if cooking took place inside the house. A windowpane was made out of stretched intestines of seals to expel the stale air. The Inuit hunted seals almost round the year. During summer they could hunt from boats, when the seals would swim or were on ice. However, in winter, since the ice was easy to walk upon, hunting was easy. Seal hunting required sufficient skill and patience for hours. They used harpoon to kill the seals. Clothes were tailored by women to suit the harsh climate. (Reynoldson, 2000, p.12- 15) Social life By November, the water froze to ice in the Arctic, and it was a good time to travel with sledge pulled by dogs. Winter was the time to socialize. Inuits travelled to visit family and friends to spend time with them, sing and dance. Also, men who had hunted well and stored enough food for his family would take this time out for enjoyment. Those who didn’t have a fair hunting season would take their family to visit relatives to be fed. The sledges could be used till May. In autumn and spring they were used to hunt. Sledges were made out of various kind of materials as and when available like wood, bone or antler and even iron and mud. Twelve dogs could pull a sledge of half a ton weight through thirty two kilometers in about an hour. The dogs were very loyal and obedient to their masters. The owners kept their dogs around their homes throughout the year. They would also make skin boots for the dogs to prevent the entry of the salty water into their toes which if happened would be very painful once the water refroze. (Reynoldson, 2000, p.18-19) Marital life Men and women had their specific works to do. Women made clothes, processed the skin and flesh of animals hunted, cooked food, raise children and also took to fishing. Men were the food providers, hunters, made the tools and built houses. There was no marriage ceremony in their community. Any partner could come out of the relation anytime. However, if they had children they would try to be together. Spouse exchange was practiced among the Inuit.

Vision Quest Essay Example for Free

Vision Quest Essay SUMMARY Its my first time to walk alone, in first 30 minutes in doing my vision quest there is a little harder it my part mostly in my mind, because while I am walking my childhood experience flashback in my mind, seriously I don’t want to remind again my childhood day, because that part of my life are one of the worst part that I ever had, I cant experience the happy and complete family during that time, because of that in this part of my quest mix feeling happen to me ,boredom and a little anxious maybe because of the negative thoughts creating in my mind ,and when I stop at playground I’m just like a child want to play but I control my self, maybe because I’m to old to that in I’m only one person in that place, and I’m just thinking that if any person see me and play at the playground I’m very aware what they are feedback to me. In this quest I’m also feel the day dreaming while walking I saw a various car and I imagine that in the future I have my own car in this part my mind change into positive because car motivate me to pursue my self to finish and studying hard, but during I’m walking the fliers that two guy gave to me change my attention because that fliers are about job hiring and I’m thinking that I want to have a car I says if I apply possible this is the opportunity the me to buy a car but my favorite quotation insert into my mind its about ‘ Opportunity my knock once only, But temptation leans on the doorbell ‘ and my attention back to my study I ask to my self if I finish my study not only car but also a good job waiting to me, and I think in my quotation the opportunity is my scholarship now and the temptation during that time are the fliers that impose to me to apply a work. It also flashback into my mind the words that says my classmate about the 5 students failed in Educ. 7 subject. I feel the hopeless because I’m thinking maybe one the 5 are me, I feel nervous and a little anxious I says if that happen I don’t know what I doing to my self ,the word suicide insert to my mind but later on it change into positive I says I’m not belong to the 5 students I experience a paranoid feeling because of lot of people walk in road and I’m thinking those people look at me and there think something to me and noise of many vehicles’ distract to me to think positive because of this I stop and relaxed my mind to divert my thinking into positive and probably it very helpful to me because my thoughts slowly divert into positive, At the last of my vision quest I think this are the very learning part and it gives me a clearly meaning of my life, first before I end up at overpass at Ligaya road Marcos highway the thoughts insert in my mind the paranoid part of my experience while I’m walking, I says I don’t care other people what thoughts creating in there mind, what I doing now I’m happy and who they are in my self. And when I stop at center of overpass it about 5; 30 PM the climate are to hot because of pollution created a lot vehicle in road and I look up into the sky and I says God how long I experience a risk and difficulty in my life, and a few seconds I turn my head in the other side of the over pass and I saw the ‘pulubi’ and I feel mixed emotion anger and ‘awa’, and I realize that I’m so blessed because I’m not like a ‘pulubi’ they much ‘kawawa’ than to me and in my case I much a lot of opportunity than to her. In ag ain I say to god .thank for what I have now, I learn to this quest a acceptance and learn by the experience, other person blame experience put their into worst situation, but they not realize that experience are best to have a good foundation of our life, other person they not accept what they have now like me .in my quest it give me a clear thoughts or insight that anything happen are helpful to us, it put us in good not to worst ,learning by experience give us a positive direction it remind us that anything that we do always thing if it for better not to worst. Accept what we are now and what we have also clarify into me because sometimes I ask question into my self the word Why, What and How in my vision quest it clearly that those word are no place in my life, I realize that all things happen to me are so blessed. THE SIGN I attempt only one time to use sign in order to answer the creating question into my mind in that was the part that I feel hopeless, anxious, because of the humors ask by my classmate about the result of the grading in one of my subject ,its to very realistic things that if I’m not studying hard I failed. In that part I says if I see a checked sign it means I’m not belong to the five students, and I’m not expected I see the truck of Brand Nike and I slowly smile and creating a questioned how very significant the sign in my situation. But I realize and say I’m not included in five students because I know in my self that I pass and submit all the requirements in that subject, that’s why my negative feelings slowly calm and I continuing doing my vision. In our Biblical theology before they use sign in order to know what god want to us to people in part of Moises before they will do an act they ask a sign to god. In my experience about my quest sign are only help me to calm my negative thoughts, but the truth is all things happen are totally done sign cant change the result, I learn that always aware what is consequences’ in what we are doing in my case that if I study hard of course in return it will give me a good benefits as well. THEORITICAL EXPLANATION Individual experience create a tremendous effect of the attitude, personality and behavior of an individual it very important that in life of individual they experience a complete positively life situation. If one person experience during their childhood, incomplete attachment to their family it will result a negative thoughts and insight , if that person attain the right age what they are experience during childhood it triggers and it cause of Anxiety, hopeless in life and sometimes being paranoid. Anxiety develop during they childhood when they feel fear and no one of their family help the child to reduce fear it develop anxiety to the child. Although fear is leads to increase in affiliative behavior, anxiety is more likely to lead to a reduced need for affiliation. Feel hopeless these negative thoughts develop when individual childhood experience the discomfort of their family, it very important to the child part the comport that the child family give, once the affection of the parents cant feel the child later on it develop hopeless because the child cant complete achieve the love by their parents. Paranoid develop during childhood when their parents always the child here a folk story a horror story it develop to the mind of the child not healthy environment that may cause paranoid later on it triggers and they think a not normal to their environment. In order to be a healthy the mind of the child it very important if we are aware how the help them to have a good mind set, childhood are important for development also as individual be concern of what they adapt not only to the environment but the most important is to their own family, character and personality are mold inside the house or the family if the child leaving in not healthy the result also is the unhealthy personality or attitude and behaviors. The existential tradition seeks a balance between recognizing the limits and tragic dimensions of human existence on one hand and the possibilities and opportunities of human life on the other hand. It grew out of a desire to help people engage the dilemmas of contemporary life, such as isolation, alien-ation, and meaninglessness. The current focus of the existential approach is on the individual’s experience of being in the world alone and facing the anxiety of this isolation. The existential view of human nature is captured, in part, by the notion that the significance of our existence is never fixed once and for all; rather, we continually re-create ourselves through our projects. Humans are in a constant state of transition, emerging, evolving, and becoming. Being a person implies that we are discovering and making sense of our existence. We continually question ourselves, others, and the world. Although the specific questions we raise vary in accordance with our developmental stage in life, the fundamental themes do not vary. We pose the same questions philosophers have pondered throughout Western history: â€Å"Who am I?† â€Å"What can I know?† â€Å"What ought I to do?† â€Å"What can I hope for?† â€Å"Where am I going?† The basic dimensions of the human condition, according to the existential approach, include (1) The capacity for self-awareness; (2) Freedom and responsibility; (3) Creating one’s identity and establishing meaningful relationships with others; (4) The search for meaning, purpose, values, and goals; (5) Anxiety as a condition of living; and (6) Awareness of death and nonbeing. I develop these propositions in the following sections by summarizing themes that emerge in the writings of existential philosophers and psychotherapists, and I also discuss the implications for counseling practice of each of these propositions.

Political And Economic Stability In Singapore

Political And Economic Stability In Singapore MICE industry is increasing rapidly and create tremendous amount of profits worldwide in tourism sector. MICE stand for meeting, incentives, conferences and exhibition which driving ahead as a key growth driver. The MICE industry plays a very important role and economic contributor in Singapores tourism industry. There are many factors that makes Singapore become a major MICE destination in the world. Singapore is working hard to stay on top of the competitive business event arena and now Singapore is ranked as the top convention city in Asia for ninth times. Singapore has the first class conventions venue such as Singapore Expo. Besides, Singapores pro business environment, multi-ethnic landscape, strategic geographic location and multi lingual populace has attract many business travellers prefer to do their business tourism in Singapore. With its strategic location, government support and all those strengthen factors; it makes Singapore boost them to hit the highest achievement in this sector. The influencing factors are divided into few different categories. 1.2 Problem Statement This research is about how Singapore develops themselves to become a major MICE destination among the world. At the moment, they are doing a very great job as a MICE destination in Singapore. In fact, there are several factors that influence Singapore as a MICE destination. 1.3 Research Question What is MICE industry all about? What are the major factors that influence Singapore as a major MICE destination in the world? What makes Singapore become a major MICE destination in the world? The forecast be for this sector in Singapore and why? What makes Singapore continuously attracts high profile and highly rated international business events? What have Singapores government done in order to boost up their MICE industry among the world? 1.4 Research Objective This research is going to find out the factors that influence Singapore as a major MICE destination in the world. By carry out this research, the MICE industry in Singapore has growth rapidly and future lifestyle as well. Besides, there is also the understanding of how importance MICE industry that could affect Singapores tourism sector and to find out the reason why business travelers loyalty toward Singapore as their favorite MICE destination. Lastly, this research also show the evaluate business travelers benefit and interest by organizing an event in Singapore. 1.5 Conceptual Framework Define MICE industry in Singapore Strategic Location Critical Mass Communication Infrastructure Stability political and economic in Singapore The major factors that influence Singapore as a major MICE Destination in the world Excellent transportation system and telecommunication connectivity. Excellent meeting and conference venue. Pro Business environment and governments support The forecast be for this sector in Singapore Figure 1.1 According to this figure 1.1, it illustrates the major factor that influences Singapore as a major MICE destination in the world. The purpose of showing this figure is to demonstrate the topic of this report. The theory framework will show the reason why Singapore can become a ideal MICE destination to the business travellers. Firstly, this research shows aspect that could influence Singapore as a major MICE destination. Besides this, the report also shows how Singapore develops their MICE industry in tourism sector. Lastly, will be the evaluation of forecast for this sector in Singapore. 1.6 Scope and Limitation The scope for this research is to focus on Singapore MICE industry. Besides that, is to observe how Singapores MICE industry growth rapidly within these few years, how they develop their MICE industry in order to increase the amount of tourist and to predict Singapores MICE industry in the future. The time constraint will be the limitation as this research paper due to the study period of time which is from January 2010 to June 2010. It s about half year time, due to the limited time the researcher may face the difficulties when finding the resources and getting the information from journals, online journals, newspaper, websites, books and etc. There is only limited and restricted literature for Singapore MICE industry that is related in the journal databases such as EBSCO Host, Ebrary, and Google Scholar, and some of the sources that provided were not up to date. But this is a challenge for me to do more on this research. Significance of the Study This research aims to gain an understanding on how Singapores MICE industry growth rapidly in tourism sector. To carry out this research, Singapore is working hard and put themselves out on top of the challenging business events field. This research is very important and very useful. Through this research, the targeted readers which are interested in organize a conference event in Singapore can refer to and to find out the reason why Singapore can be a major MICE destination in the world by maintains their quality and their MICE facilities. Other than that, this research could recommend targeted readers to choose Singapore as their ideal MICE destination. Chapter 2 Review of the Related Literature 2.1 MICE Industry in Singapore MICE industry is increasing rapidly and create a tremendous amount of profits worldwide in tourism sector. MICE are acronym of meeting, incentives, conferences and exhibition which driving ahead as a key growth driver. Europe and North America has been stated as one of the front MICE destination but Asia also one of the country that involves a lot in this industry. Singapore is not an exception. The MICE industry plays a very important role and economic contributor in Singapores tourism industry. A new era of tourism development and attractions will be gearing up for major revitalization by Singapores tourism sector; it will also re-define Singapores tourism landscape. Singapore has the first class conventions and exhibition facilities such as SINGAPORE EXPO and SUNTEC Singapore international convention exhibition centre. In addition, Singapore has outstanding communication infrastructure, it provides more convenience to tourist travel from one place to another domestically and internationally. Singapores pro business environment, multi-ethnic landscape, strategic geographic location and multi lingual populace has attract many business travellers prefer to do their business tourism in Singapore and accompaniment by MICE facilities, infrastructure, expertise and proficient in event management. Singapore put themselves out on top of the challenging business events field. Singapore MICE industry has grown rapidly and now Singapore is ranked the world top three cities for meetings by the Unions of International Associations (UIA). Apparently Singapore has been stated and positioned as the Top Convention City all around Asia for ninth time and the Third Top Convention City around the world for the second consecutive year by ICCA Ranking. Singapore has leapfrogged two score to reach on top of the ranking, defeating Paris and Vienna and providing its goal to be the top of the universe an improvement. 2.2 The factors that could influence Singapore as a major MICE destination in the world. There are many factors that can manipulate Singapore to become a major MICE destination in the world and it also could affect their tourism sector by increase MICE events in their own country. The factors also can be consider as their strength mean while it is a positive factor that can enhance their MICE sector to becoming the Best City for MICE events among the world in the future. 2.2.1 Critical Mass The most important factor is it has critical mass; it has been awarded by the Union of International Association (UIA) and Asias top convention city for several years. By developing a critical mass of MICE event is this industry, this will helps to create an eco-system of business event that harmonize one anothers existence. Business event not only generate enliven of MICE industry in the mean time its also build up Singapores value intention as a MICE destination. For the past few years, Singapore has increase the amount of international meetings. These shows from the creativity and quality of the Singapore MICE industry and construct Singapore constantly catch the attention of high-profile international business event. 2.2.2 Strategic Location Secondly, Singapore has a strategic geographic location which is central location in Asia and also a connection between east and west. It also acts as key district hubs for Asia. This strategic location makes Singapore exert a pull on global businesses and it smoothly links around the world. There were few big events of different industries was held in Singapore such as Asia Aerospace, Food Hotel Asia, Communic Asia and Broadcast Asia and etc. The feedback was great. Singapore is a safe hospitable country; this is also one of the reasons that event organizers choose Singapore. Beside this, Singapore Changi Airport is also one of the busiest airlines in the world, which connects to over 180 cities in 50 countries and is categorize as a premier International Maritime Centre. Its wide ranging air and sea linkages allow ones business to allowed 2.8 billion people within a seven hours flight radius. Singapore Tourism Board claims that Singapore position attest to its appeal as a premium business travel and meetings, incentive travel, convention and exhibition destination 2.2.3 Stability political and economic in Singapore Singapore has a good reputation of efficient, honest and politically stable government compare to other countries. Singapores stability of political gives the trust of safe for business travellers to decide to organise events in Singapore. Singapore is a knowledge-based economy and attracts worldwide investments. This may attract foreign investors flock its shores because of their open trade procedure, social stability, world class infrastructure and international communication links. The stability of Singapores economic also will raise the amount of business travellers invest in promoting their product in Singapore. The IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook 2008 stated that Singapore as the worlds second most competitive economy. The stability political and economic growth is sustain by the government of Singapore, it helps to attract more business travellers to held their event in Singapore with no burden compare to their competitors such as Malaysia and Hong Kong. 2.2.4 Communication Infrastructure Singapore is well known by their efficiency and good communication infrastructure have allow it to attract a whole train of international events including the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) meetings in 2009 and the forth coming event will be the first-ever summer Youth Olympic Games which falls on 14th August 2010 to 26th August 2010. Singapore also attracts business travellers to contribute to its achievements as a main destination for both business and entertainments. Singapore has rated the top in terms of basic infrastructure and technology infrastructure in the World Competitiveness Yearbook. Its efficiency through latest technology and modern infrastructure makes Singapore MICE industry speedily grow in tourism industry. 2.2.5 Pro Business environment and Government Support Singapore is recognized as a PRO business environment and its recommended as the most beneficial place in the world for businessman to start their business there. In facts, Singapore has been noted as No 1 in terms of Ease of Doing businesses for the past four years by the World Bank. Singapore is one of the lowest corporate and income tax rates among the most of the countries. The government has improves the firm environment to help business manage more efficiently. Singapore has effectively reached a good amount of association meetings by its well-built business basics and plans to assemble a active ecosystem of business events. Singapore Tourism Board (STB) said All vital signs are pointing towards the return of business confidence in the Singapore business event sector, fuelled by dynamic developments taking place within the tourism landscape. Leverage in our sterling track record and a sound business fundamental, Singapore has secured a robust pipeline of business events, including key international association meeting in coming years. The general pro-business environment gives Singapore a competitive boundary as a major MICE destination in the world. There is another reason that makes Singapore become a PRO business environment and MICE destination because of the strongly government support through Singapore Tourism Board (STB), government support was the key to make an event successful. Singapores government give fully support in this sector and contributes Singapore as a vibrant business environment. Singapore devoted a lot in promoting the MICE business and also their tourist attractions because conventions and event have the ability to make more profits and jobs in short term and it can increase the interrelated investment and the amount of visitation on longer term. The Singapore Exhibition and Convention Bureau (SECB), a group of the STB has develop the Business Events in Singapore (BE in Singapore) its help business events organizers release a higher amount of events. Besides, Singapore Tourism Board (STB) also launched another campaign Make It Singapore and it helps to offer marketing support and motivation to potential MICE business. Furthermore, Singapore is has the professionalism in the MICE industry that can makes Singapore to be a global exchange core where people can gather and share their ideas and knowledge. 2.2.6 Excellent meeting and conference venue and offers venue Singapore is a global core for business and leisure and it is also a best option for convention and events. The excellences of hotel ballrooms and with the first class convention centres, Singapore has continuously recreates with new event location and attraction such as Marina Bay Sands Singapore. Marina Bay attractions will create a unique MICE venue that we cannot found elsewhere in Asia with international standard MICE facilities and services. MICE facilities in Marina Bay Sands, Singapore Expo, Suntec International Convention and Exhibition Centre are amalgamate to boost Singapores attractiveness as a business and leisure destination. Suntec Singapore International Convention and Exhibition Centre and Singapore Expo are defined as a favourite choice for all find of business event due to their huge exhibition spacious. A good convention centre, exhibition halls and meeting venue plays a very important role when we organize an event. 2.2.7 Excellent Transportation System and Telecommunications Connectivity Singapore posses of efficiency and excellent public transportation system, which includes cabs, buses and the modern Mass Rapid Transport (MRT) rail system same goes to their air transportation. Tourists can get around in Singapore with no burden due to their excellent transport system. An outstanding network of railway system and buses connect travellers to reach any point of the city and the public transportation prices are reasonable to everyone. Singapore provides convenience for foreign business travellers to reach any destination, conference venues and attractions with their public transport system on time due to their punctuality of railway systems. The newly opened MRT network has made ease of access to conference venue such as Suntec Singapore and Singapore Expo, it made convenient for those business travellers. Beside this, Singapores bus network is tremendously frequent and extensive and it does not only bring convenient to Singapores citizen and also tourists. Singapore is well recognized for their public transportation and telecommunications connectivity. According to a survey carried out by Singapores Land Transport Authority in year 2006, 8 out of 10 Singaporeans were satisfied with their public transportation system such as buses and also railway system, Singapore has 21 Tbps of installed international communication infrastructure capacity, adequate for every business require in telecommunications connectivity. They are one of the more aggressive telecommunication hubs around Asia Pacific. They also provide excellent telecommunication links with broadband network all around business hotels, so those business travellers can surf the internet anytime when inside the hotel room. 2.3 Forecast Singapore MICE industry in the future. From my point of view, I strongly believe that Singapore will finalize to the top spot and becoming the Best City for MICE venue in the future. Singapore will also be leading ahead of other countries. Singapores tourism background is going through a dynamic transformation. On year 2010, there will be more cityscape that gives off more vibrant and enthusiasm on the atmosphere. Singapore are still innovating themselves by introducing newly, modern venue and outstanding facilities to give their foreign business travellers and demonstrators a pleasure knowledge and ambience. They will also keep up their status as Asias premier MICE destination through recommending new transportation system and entertainments. The Asia-Pacific is likely to attract over 100 million business travellers and MICE visitors by 2015 with the growth prospective in the region. Therefore there will be no surprise that Singapore to become a bigger slice of this MICE market. With its stability political and global economy shows signs of reflect, the business event sector is in good chance of taking advantage of on business opportunities. In the upcoming years, Singapore will keep a strong pipeline of business occasion, including the key international association meetings. Ms Melissa Ow, Assistant Chief Executive, Business Travel and MICE Group, Singapore Tourism Board (STB) said: As we move into 2010, and climate of economy recovery the STB will continue to work closely with our industry partners to meet business event organisers evolving needs, explore new business leads and strengthen our international marketing and channel development efforts. Marina Bay sands will be one of the improvement into an amalgamate MICE venue which offers 200,000 square meter of convention and exhibition space which create and grow strategic business occasion. These developments will redefine Singapores downtown and central business region. There are estimate more than 150,000 meeting attendees are to stopover Singapore for those events that already booked at the Marina Bay Sands. Besides, Resort World Sentosa has accommodated 35,000 attendees at a single event. Marina Bay Sands said that it has secured more than 30 events development to be held there from this year to 2012. On the year of 2010, the worlds first -ever summer Youth Olympic Games will be hosted by Singapore. With approximately arrival of 15,000 overseas participants and visitors bring about 180,000 or more visitor to Singapore. Beside this, Singapore is also hosting a series of upcoming events and meetings in these few years, such as International Cruise Terminal 2010, Gardens by the Bay 2010, Sports Hub 2010, National Art Gallery 2013 and many more. Singapore will continue to expand their abilities and upgrading their infrastructure to provide business event travellers in order to guarantee their position as one of the top Asian. Singapore Tourism Board (STB) has planned to upgrade the facilities of Singapore Expo to make sure Singapore Expo is well-organized to sustain the development of MICE industry. The upgraded facilities will ensure Singapore Expo retains their excellent venue for business events. There are many growing competitors out there from other country such as Malaysia, Hong Kong, Thailand, Macau and etc. But Singapore is making every chance to offer good facilities and services to their business event travellers. Besides, STB are working continuously closely with the events industry. The main purpose is to increase the amount of the business event at Singapore and to make sure that the MICE sector continues to move ahead as a key driver of tourism development in Singapore. Lastly, I personally think that Singapore has performed well in this industry and lead Singapore to be on top of the MICE industry, because during the staging events in Singapore, the event organiser can be assured of their quality service, accompanied by its tremendous transportation and professional workforce. Although Singapore has obtain a lot of awards but they dont feel self-esteem, they keep on their good work and maintaining their facilities to achieve and make them the best MICE destination in the world. Furthermore, Singapores MICE industry is on the roadway and I strongly believe that if Singapore put in more efforts on this industry, it can leapfrog to reach the top and becoming the Best City for MICE events among the world in the future. Chapter Three Research Methodology 3.1 Research Method For the methodology, this research will be using questionnaire. Among quantitative method and qualitative method, I use both of the method for my research. It is also known as a mix of approaches. The first method is quantitative method which is a technique to gather quantitative data such as information dealing with numbers and anything that is measurable. While for the qualitative method is to understand the meaning of the numbers produced by quantitative method. We have to observe case analysis with given research imply to qualitative methods and quantitative methods to request respondents to rank their perception about these particular topic. 3.2 Research Design There are two types of research method which is qualitative method and quantitative method. Qualitative method is more on observation and quantitative method is subjective. Qualitative method need to collect date based on quality and is difficult to generalize because everyones perception is different; meanwhile it may affect the quality of the result. For the quantitative method, it is more objective compared to qualitative method because the data must be fact and logic. And it will be in numbers and also in statistics such as graphs or tables. It is essential to use both methods to understand the core of this research. 3.3 Data Collection Apparently the data in this report is collected from the secondary data which is online database. Secondary data can be easily found at journal, articles, websites, textbooks, books and etc. The researcher gets the journal from the college library website and it is mainly taken from the Google Scholar and EBSCO Host.

To Kill A Mocking Bird :: To Kill a Mockingbird Essays

The theme of Harper Lee's To Kill a Mocking Bird is the existence of racism and prejudice in the 1930 – 40's. Harper Lee succeeds in presenting the topic in a manner that is not overly simplistic and thus achieves the task of allowing the reader to fully appreciate the complex nature of unjust discrimination. Harper Lee's inclusion of characters such as Tom Robinson, Boo Radley, Dolphus Raymond and many others, aid the reader to grasp the concept of racism and its central role in the town of Maycomb. To Kill a Mocking Bird is narrated retrospectively from the view of Scout, the daughter of Atticus Finch a lawyer of Maycomb, and younger sister of Jem. The informal vocabulary of the narration is still good enough to suggest it is spoken from the view of an adult Scout, (looking back at her childhood) but is casual enough to be understood by most readers. Maycomb's racist attitude in To Kill a Mocking Bird is fueled by the events which occurred soon after World War I. After a devastating stock market crash, many employers lost a substantial amount of money and therefore could hardly afford to hire staff. Many resorted to buying slaves; it was cheap and required little responsibility on their part. This event led to the employment of Negroes. The Industrial revolution did not occur in South America since it was only logical to simply buy slaves rather than expensive machinery. The civil war soon followed, and declared that Negroes were no longer considered slaves and if they were unhappy with work conditions they could leave. Few did, since jobs were already dangerously scarce and by about 1930 racism toward blacks was obvious. Negroes were accused of stealing the jobs of white people and this led to a system of separate public transport, schools and even drinking fountains. To Kill a Mocking Bird expresses the racist attitudes of Maycomb most dominantly in the court case involving Tom Robinson (who's lawyer is Atticus Finch) and Mayella Eule. The trial makes blatantly obvious to the reader that Tom Robinson, the black man accused of rape is innocent and yet the jury finds him guilty. It also establishes that Mayella was actually beaten by her father and although the evidence that points to this occurrence is circumstantial, it is made perfectly clear. The court case also clarifies to the reader the frightful nature and obvious abundance of racism within the small town of Maycomb.

What Are The Circumstances Of The Chinese Occupation Of Tibet? :: essays research papers fc

â€Å"The only way to settle questions of an ideological nature of controversial issues among the people is by the democratic method, the method of discussion, or criticism, of persuasion and education and not by the method of coercion or repression.† This statement was made by Mao Tse Tung, the Communist leader of China, in February of 1957. Seven years earlier, Chinese forces had invaded and begun the destruction of Tibet and Tibetan Buddhism. The Plateau of Tibet comprises nearly the entire southeastern portion of China. Wedged between the Kunlun and Himalayan Mountain Ranges it is a beautiful plateau with breathtaking views all around it. The territory itself promotes a feeling of peace, meditation, and spirituality. The plateau is also the source of five of Asia’s greatest rivers, making it vital to the environment. Centuries ago, a very unique religion, Tibetan Buddhism, grew from the settlers of this region. This religion was based on soul-searching and meditation and highly discouraged war, violence, and any forms of negativity in thought, word, or action. The religion thrived in the region and soon became the political force of the nation of Tibet. The religion was the state; therefore there was no military until the early 20th Century, but then there was just a small, fairly ineffective army. This made the area highly vulnerable to any who wanted it. China, in 1949, became the communist People’s Republic of China. In less than one year, military forces marched into the peaceful territory of Tibet claiming that it belonged to China. This was the beginning of over 50 years of the needless slaughter and destruction of a people and religion that posed no threat to the people of China or its government. â€Å"Since that time, over 1.2 million Tibetans have been killed, 6,000 monasteries have been destroyed, and thousands of Tibetans have been imprisoned.† Nine years after the invasion by China the Dalai Lama, Tibet’s spiritual and political leader, fled the country in an attempt to save his life. He went to Dharmsala, India, a small town that lies approximately 150 miles to the East of the Tibet-India border. It is in this town that the Dalai Lama, along with over 100,000 Tibetan refugees, has set up the Tibetan government in exile. Here they continue their non-violent protest of the atrocious acts of violence committed against the followers of Buddhism that have remained in Tibet or China. The forced

Acid Rain :: essays research papers

Acid Rain If you have ever wondered why precious monuments are fading away, or the reason your car starts to look old, or if you can't understand why the bricks on the side of your house are breaking, look up the term Acid rain in your encyclopedia. Acid rain is the cause of all of this and much more. Acid rain is a widespread term used to describe all forms of acid precipitation (rain, snow, hail, fog, etc.)( ). Precipitation is naturally acidic because of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Acid rain begins with the production of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides from the burning of fossil fuels, such as coal, natural gas, oil, and from certain kinds of manufacturing. Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides react with water and other chemicals in the air to from sulfuric acid, nitric acid, and other pollutants ( ). What was once a local problem for towns and cities is now an international problem. The spread of this problem originated from tall chimneys dispersing pollutants high into the atmosphere, which then traveled with the wind for thousands of kilometers until once again reaching the ground in an invisible state. The effect of acid rain when it reaches the ground reacts chemically with any object it comes in contact with. Acids are corrosive chemicals that react with other chemicals by giving up hydrogen atoms ( ). The acidity of a substance comes from the abundance of free hydrogen atoms when the substance is dissolved in water ( ). Acidity can be measured using a "pH" scale with units from 0 to 14. Rain (snow, fog, etc.) measured at a pH below 5.6 is considered acid rain. Acid rain is responsible for a widespread of environmental damage. Such examples of this include soil and plant degradation, depleted life in lakes and streams, and erosion of man-made structures( ). When acid rain enters the soil it dissolves and washes away the nutrients needed by plants. It can also dissolve toxic substances, such as aluminum and mercury, which are naturally present in some soils, freeing these toxins to pollute water or to poison plants that absorb them ( ). After events like this take place animals and humans are soon effected. If one plant or animal is adversely affected by acid rain, animals that feed on that organism may suffer and animals that feed on that animal may suffer also (usually humans).

Developing Country and Physics

Physics – the study of matter, energy and their interactions – is an international enterprise, which plays a key role in the future progress of humankind. The support of physics education and research in all countries is important because: physics is and exciting intellectual adventure that inspires young people and expands the frontiers of our knowledge about nature.Physics is the most basic of the physical sciences. From chemistry and geology through to biology and cosmology, we understand science in terms of the concepts developed in physics. Not only this, but many of the tools on which the advances of science and technology depend are direct product of physics. The interests and concerns of physicists have always formed the basis of future technology.In medicine we use X-rays, radioisotope and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging. In addition, laser, electron microscopes, synchrotron radiation, and electronics all depend on advances made in physics.Where would our mo dern western economies be without computers?—we could not build the electronics that modern computers rely on without a knowledge of quantum mechanics. Our modern world is much more connected than in previous historical times. These days we travel far, communicate easily and quickly, and conduct business around the world effortlessly. In fact almost no place on earth has been excluded from the modern interconnected world.We are not only connected with physics through modern technology we are connected at a much more basic level through mother nature. The tsunami in Sumatra Indonesia is a prime example. Not only was it catastrophic for the local area the laws of physics saw this tsunami travel across the Indian Ocean killing over 300,000 in Southeast Asia, and traveling through more than 30 other countries resulting in more than 500 deaths. This was the law of physics in action.But as much proof as there is that physics has played an important role in the connectivity of all p arts of the planet the world is still a much divided place. In developed countries you see an almost 100% literacy rate and a $30,000 mean capital income, and a life expectancy of 80. While in developing nations you see a literacy rate lower than 50% and a mean capital income that’s around $2000, and a life expectancy of 40. There is much more for physics, the scientific world, and governments to do to create equality with that interactivity.Kofi Anna the UN Secretary General has been quick to point out the ongoing tragedies throughout the developing world that are directly tied to disease, poverty, and the degradation of the environment. He is also quick to point out that the lack of access to physics and other sciences as well as technology has attributed to many of these problems. Sadly the scientific community spends most of it’s time working on solutions for the developed world yet most of the population on earth can be found in nations that are developing.Physics has the capability of playing a major role in finding solutions to many of the problems facing the human race. Of course it does not have all the answers but the science is developed enough to have created nuclear weapons which remain a global threat, then surely it can be used for the betterment of all people around the globe.Of course politics, socio-economic factors, and acceptance by the people all play a role in the development of a nation. But physics, engineering, and other technological and scientific feats can transform a developing nation to a developed nation. Just look at what the role of physics has accomplished in just the past 200 years. Physics can play an important role in developing strategies to combat climate change, in the development of cleaner energies, and in the development of technological advancements.Then why is it that developing nations spend such a small portion of the GDP on research and development in these areas? Is it because the benefits of scien ce and physics specifically are not fully recognized in industrialized and developing nations? Is it that they really do not want to face the idea that our world is in desperate need of change to ensure we do not destroy ourselves?Physics and technology must work together to resolve the need for new technologies that will decrease the damage to our planet, for strategies  to ensure that the people of developing countries have the tools to progress, the need for solutions to deadly diseases that remain a threat, and the need for solutions to the increasing demands we place on our resources before they are depleted. The role of physics in our modern world is more important than in any other time in history.THE IMPORTANCE OF PHYSICS TO SOCIETYPhysics generates fundamental knowledge needed for the future technological advances that will continue to drive the economic engines of the world. Physics contributes to the technological infrastructure and provides trained personnel needed to take advantage of scientific advances and discoveries. Physics is an important element in the education of chemists, engineers and computer scientists, as well as practitioners of the other physical and biomedical sciences.Physics extends and enhances our understanding of other disciplines, such as the earth, agricultural, chemical, biological, and environmental sciences, plus astrophysics and cosmology – subjects of substantial importance to all peoples of the world. Physics improves our quality of life by providing the basic understanding necessary for developing new instrumentation and techniques for medical applications, such as computer tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, ultrasonic imaging, and laser surgery.THE IMPORTANCE OF PHYSICS TO MANPhysics is important to man’s life because it is used in †¢Cooking food †¢Cleaning clothes †¢Watching TV †¢Heating your hose †¢Playing sports †¢Everything else in your life †¢ Physics plays an important role in health †¢ Economic development †¢ Education †¢ Energy and †¢ The environment.Physics has had an increasingly important impact on the average person’s daily life. For example, Physicists played an essential role in the development of: The Transistor-: The basis of all modern electronics, including radio, television, computers, and telecommunications. The Laser And Laser Diodes: Now used widely in CD players, grocerybar code scanners medical treatment, and telecommunications. The Digital Computer–much of the early development (and some of the most recent) have been motivated by basic research.Fiber Optics: Now finding widespread application in high-speed data and voice transmission networks. The Global Positioning System: Uses satellites and precise timing to allow positions to be allocated to within a few feet anywhere on the surface of the earth. The Hologram: Uses on credit card, driver’s licenses, and other documents to prevent fraud.The World Wide Web (W.W.W)–originally designed by physicist for one to be able to access the world. Medical Imaging Techniques: Such as the sonogram, the CAT scan, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRIs). Medical Treatment Techniques: Using radiation and charged particle accelerators. New Micro-Sensors: For â€Å"smart machines† and â€Å"smart buildings,† faster and smaller computers, computer disks that can store information in a smaller space, improved chemical processing to help the environment and reduce energy use, faster and cheaper telecommunications.THE FOLLOWING ARE THE VARIOUS IMPORTANCES OF PHYSICS TO MAN AND THE SOCIETY.Physics Improves Health; In medical technology, positron emission tomography (PET) Lets neurologists see how energy flows inside the brain to see where problems could be occurring.Physics Connects the World; The telecommunications industry, including the development of the internet, has be nefited from physics research in telecommunications from radio waves to fiber optic cable.Physics Improves Technology; The computing industry depends on physics research in semiconductors and magnetism in order to build processors and disk ever smaller and denser.Physics Drives Progress; Physics research benefits the transportation industry in everything from what materials to build cars of to how to build efficient engines to navigating using the global positioning system.Physics Clears the Air; Physics is used in environmental science to both detect problems and to build systems that are better for the environment with technologies such as solar power and plasma physics.Physics Fills the Home; Many consumer goods developed from physics research. CDs are possible because of refinements in laser technology. Many household gadgets have microprocessors such as microwaves and phones.Physics Designs the Future; Research in materials physics has led to many innovations in the substances from which products are made. One now-common material is Teflon ®. Other substances are now used to make many items from sports equipment to earthquake-resistant buildings.PHYSICS LUNCHES NEW BUSINESS;The defense department started the Global Positioning System (GPS), which uses 24 satellites. GPS was possible because of the atomic clock. Now GPS technology has many uses from being in road maps in cars to perceiving shifts in the tectonic plates.PHYSICS IS THE MOST FUNDAMENTAL OF THE SCIENCES;It is concerned with the most basic building blocks of all things – from ants to antennas, from quarks to quasars. The study of physics means trying to find out what the universe is made of, and how these things move and interact with each other. So in one sense, all the other sciences are built on the knowledge gained through the study of physics.PHYSICS IS BEAUTIFUL;Physicists love simplicity. They are constantly striving to find the most fundamental ideas that can be used to describ e even the most complex of phenomena. For example Newton found that only a very small number of concepts could be used to describe just about all of the mechanical world – from steam engines to the motion of the planets. Not only is this beautiful, it's downright amazing!PHYSICS TEACHES YOU TO THINK;This might seem like a strange statement. The study of all subjects teach you to think. But because physics deals with the most basic concepts, the application of such techniques as â€Å"Separation of Variables† and â€Å"The Scientific Method† are never more clear than they are in the study of physics. Once mastered you will find that these methods can be applied to all subjects, including the business world and just coping with everyday life.PHYSICS GIVES YOU A NEW APPRECIATION OF THE WORLD AROUND YOU;You can look a rainbow and say â€Å"Wow, pretty colors!†, or you can marvel at the amazing interactions between photons and electrons that come together in t hat particular way when light from the sun strikes spherical water droplets in the sky, and that you perceive as a multicolored arc suspended in the air. Now that's awe!PHYSICS IS FUN;Lastly, studying physics gives you the opportunity of playing with a lot of really cool toys!IN ADDICTION:Many pioneers in molecular biology were trained as physicists e.g. Francis Crick, one of the two discoverers of  DNA.  A large number of astronomers were also trained as physicist.   Without physics, cars wouldn’t have being developed to take us to our various destinations. TV’s, Light will not have been invented.   We would not have known about space,  Computer Games,  How water boils,  Model financial Market,  Shape futuristic buildings and structures.SUMMARY & CONCLUSIONPhysics is a creative subject,The concepts of physics don't come easily. Someone has to come up with a theory to begin with. This is just as much a creative process as composing music. But where phys ics, and science in general, differ from the Arts is that no one will accept your theory unless you have some way of testing its validity. Experimental physicists sometimes have to be enormously creative in coming up with methods of testing theories and measuring things in the world around them.For example, how do you tell that there is a planet orbiting a star that is so far away that it appears as nothing more than a spec of light in even the most powerful telescopes? In summary, for all these reasons, physics is an essential part of the educational system and of an advanced society. We therefore urge all governments to seek advice from physicists and other scientists on matters of science policy, and to be supportive of the science of Physics.Man has always been inspired by the wonders of nature.   He has always been curious to know the secrets of nature and remained in search. Although physics play an important role to understand this physical world. In our daily life,we hardl y find a device where physics is not involved. Consider pulleys that make it easy to lift a load.Electricity is used not only to get light and heat but also mechanical energy that drive fans and electric motors etc. Consider the means of transportation such as cars and aeroplanes;domestic appliances such as air-conditioners, washing machines and microwave ovens. Physics is important to our daily life because  we use many thing like electricity etc.Our entire existence relies on physics. From energy transference to the gravity keeping us on Earth, we rely on the laws of physics to go by our daily life.In the most general sense, physics is the study of matter, energy, and the interaction between them. It is a very broad field, and is responsible for much of the technology available today.A few examples: †¢An understanding of Newton's Laws allows people to put satellites into orbit, design safer vehicles and build safe buildings. †¢An understanding of electromagnetism allow s people to build electrical circuits and computers. †¢An understanding of the nature of light allows astronomers to determine the composition of stars without ever having to visit them.

Motorcycle Helmet laws Essay

Over the past 30 years, many states have enacted mandatory helmet laws for motorcycle drivers. There have been many states that have rescinded these laws for reasons that may not be known by those most interested – the motorcycle rider him/herself. Currently, less than half of all U. S. states require helmets for motorcycle operators. One who is interested in this topic may wonder how those that are in positions to give the thumbs up or thumbs down regarding these laws make their decision one way or the other. Do they have facts, data and evidence to support their verdicts? Or, are they influenced by stories of horrific motorcycle fatalities recited to them by friends, family, neighbors, coworkers, church members, or acquaintances at the grocery store, garden center and/or the local pub? Could there be a possibility that they might pass a mandatory helmet law due to a knee-jerk reaction to a particularly heinous accident that recently occurred and been covered by television, radio, newspaper and the internet? What are the chances that one of those decision makers was an avid rider who escaped serious injury due to donning a helmet while riding? Those questions might also lead to others, for example, about how much influence lobbyists have when it comes down to the final moments prior to the enactment or veto of a particular bill. Does a lobbyist that is pro-mandatory helmets have more â€Å"clout,† or would, for example, a group of motorcycle drivers have any influence? The typical motorcycle rider and/or the general public most likely has no idea what factors are explored prior to the determination of those who have license to make the decision as to how one should dress if they are heading out on a motorcycle. Despite empirical evidence that supports the use of helmets, avid motorcyclists argue that helmet laws violate the Ninth Amendment, which states, â€Å"no law shall be enacted that regulates the individual’s Motorcycle Helmet Laws 3 freedom to choose his personal actions and mode of dress so long as it does not in any way affect others. † Trends over the past several years have been to review and disseminate accident and other reports written by police and highway patrol officers, hospital workers, witnesses to the scene and road construction workers who may have been at the site at the time of the accident. Figures and findings resulting from the National Highway Safety Act have been accessed. Compilations from states’ motor vehicle divisions and departments of transportation have also been employed extensively to determine if enactment of mandatory helmet laws decreases injuries and deaths from motorcycle crashes. These reports and statistics, however, have not included details regarding factors such as age and/or sex of the driver, style and size of motorcycle, geographical demographics, or the number of months one rides or the time of day that the incident occurred. Published research studies regarding statistics from several states were analyzed for this assignment. Some studies include all states of America, while many others focus on a particular state or group of states. Other types of research reviewed included telephone interviews with motorcyclists, articles by motorcycle groups pertaining to published findings and observations of riders, documenting whether or not they were wearing helmets. This student has a particular interest in this subject as she rides a motorcycle. In the state where she resides (Minnesota) there is no mandatory helmet use law. Unfortunately, she is not aware of the particular reasons that her state has made the decision not to enact this law. Nevertheless, if she were extremely astute, she would have reviewed any statistics regarding her home state. The author is interested in discovering the reasoning that the â€Å"powers that be† chose to allow her to have the freedom Motorcycle Helmet Laws 4 to decide whether or not she will don a helmet prior to embarking on a journey. Her hypotheses as to the reasons are probably so far off base that she would be hesitant to admit them to another. Ultimately, her quest is to evaluate the writings and attempt to discover if mandatory helmet laws do, indeed, decrease injuries and deaths as a result of a motorcycle crash. There are a variety of reasons a motorcycle driver makes the decision as to whether to wear a helmet while riding vs. not wearing one. Some of the factors that influence this decision appear to be age, demographics (urban vs. rural living), and style and size of motorcycle. Other factors involved are where the person is riding (highway, city, side streets, rural areas, etc. ) Weather conditions and time of day (early morning, rush hour, nighttime) also should be taken into consideration. Maneuvering through hundreds of vehicles on the road and the rising or setting sun in one’s eyes have a bearing on how well a driver can see. The incidence of accidents that result in injury and fatality has fluctuated with the enactment and rescinding of mandatory helmet use. The United States federal government has had a vacillating approach to the use of motorcycle helmets since 1967, when the National Highway Safety Act (NHSA) was first passed, which required states to enforce helmet laws or be ineligible for certain funding programs at the state level. By 1976, Congress responded to pressures from individual states and motorcyclist interest groups by revoking the federal authority to assess penalties for non-compliance. Within 4 years after the NHSA was revised, 28 states repealed their mandatory helmet laws. Congress later enacted the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act in 1991, which created incentives for states to enact helmet use; yet by the fall of 1995, Congress lifted sanctions against states lacking helmet law enforcement. This final repeal set the stage for state legislatures to repeal helmet laws entirely. Only Motorcycle Helmet Laws 5 20 states currently require the use of a protective helmet for all motorcycle riders, three states do not require a helmet for any riders, and 27 states require helmet use only under specific conditions. Several studies suggest that injuries and deaths from motorcycle crashes significantly decline after the passing of mandatory helmet laws in a variety of states. Consequently, the impression one perceives is that helmet use is the panacea to obliterating any injuries and deaths from serious motorcycle mishaps. The statistics that are embodied in these studies are Death to Accident Ratios, which compare the number of deaths to the number of related accidents. Limitations of these studies are that many fail to take into account the fact that motorcycle registrations declined upon resolution of the mandatory helmet use. One such study was entitled â€Å"Motorcyclist Deaths Spike as Helmet Laws Loosen. † When one glances at the title of this report, it appears alarming and gives the impression that once a compulsory act is rescinded, anyone that hops on a motorcycle in a state that does not have the helmet law will surely perish. The finer print indicates that southern states are among those with the highest motorcycle death rates. The smallest print, even smaller than the print in the body of the findings (approximately a size 6 font), disclosed that states with a year-round riding season are those that report higher death rates during the year. It takes the findings from a small number of states and proceeds to construe these across the entire country. Consequently, how can this study be proof that motorcycle helmet use decreases injury and death from riding? In the state of Minnesota, for example, in an exemplary year weather-wise, cycle riders have the opportunity to ride for six months out of twelve. In a year where there is an unseasonably long winter, a short spring season and an early beginning for autumn, Minnesotans may have an entire riding season of only three months. Limitations to the majority of studies looked at the findings and drew conclusions Motorcycle Helmet Laws 6 based on the death to accident ratios alone. Very few attempted to delineate the number of months one would be riding, seasonal road conditions or other factors. The use of a causal model distinguished the research methodology of one particular study from other studies. This methodology appealed to this writer, as many factors can influence not only the occurrence of a motorcycle crash, but the resulting predominance or lack of injury and/or death. The causal model considered crash speed, helmet use, alcohol use and other pertinent variables in an attempt to isolate the separate contribution of each determinant of the severity of injury or probability of death. The advantage of this approach was in the ability to estimate the separate effects of several simultaneous and interrelated causes of motorcycle fatalities and injury severities. Previous studies simply divided accident victims into a helmeted group and non-helmeted group. As a result, all differences in fatality rates, injury rates and injury severities between groups were attributed to helmet use. These comparisons failed to consider other differences between helmet users and non-users which influence the probability of death and the severity of injuries. The writer’s hypothesis was that helmeted riders were more risk-averse and thus: (1) had lower pre-crash and thus crash speeds; and (2) were less likely to combine alcohol consumption and driving (Goldstein, 1986). This researcher surmised that the behaviors of riders might make the difference between the probability of fatality and severity of an injury vs. the wearing of a helmet being the deciding factor. A study conducted by the University Medical Center at Brackenridge in Austin, Texas aimed to identify risk factors leading to riding and crashing a motorcycle without a helmet and to compare outcomes of helmeted vs. unhelmeted motorcyclists involved in a motorcycle crash. This retrospective study took place over a 13-year period and employed the analysis of the trauma registry at the medical center. Data was collected regarding pre-injury characteristics such as the use of protective helmet, age, Motorcycle Helmet Laws 7 gender, ethnicity, insurance status, blood alcohol content and whether the patient was the driver or the passenger. Once more, the research conducted (above) delves into the data related to cycle crashes after the fact. And, as the majority of studies that relied on numbers and formulas concluded, unhelmeted riding was associated with more severe injuries, longer hospitalizations, increased mortality and higher hospital charges. The conclusions of this particular report pointed to three basic factors which were a departure from typical research findings. These analysts determined that independent predictors of riding without a helmet included alcohol intoxication, lack of health insurance and riding as a passenger (Brown, 2011). Some of these conclusions make sense and might seem to be obvious. One can easily understand how alcohol consumption would be a risk factor in collisions on motorcycles, as it decreases reaction time and lends itself to disinhibition on many levels. The subject of health insurance led to questions by the author of this paper. How does not having health insurance influence my decision regarding wearing a helmet? Final notations of the writing declare that education and prevention strategies should be targeted at these high-risk populations. It would be intriguing to determine how to locate this particular group to target for education and prevention. What ultimate goal did these researchers have in conducting this study? This student ponders that question and questions the validity of their closing statements. Taken together, the results indicate that mandatory helmet use laws do increase the number of motorcyclists who wear helmets while riding, thus showing a decrease in serious injury and/or fatality. The threat of being ticketed along with the probability of receiving a fine appear to be the determining Motorcycle Helmet Laws 8 factors as to whether or not a rider wears a helmet. The great majority of studies conducted were quantitative in nature and focused primarily on reviewing summaries of statistics from state reports written by various law enforcement officials. The writer of this text deemed that there may have been limitations in these particular summaries. There were several studies that appeared to employ a more qualitative methodology, however, some findings appeared to indicate the possibility of the researcher having some type of stake in the results of the evaluation, such as the project being funded by an entity that drafts insurance rates for motor vehicles. The overall impression of the qualitative results was that those that chose to delve into this issue came to the realization that many factors contribute to the incidence of injury and death caused by motorcycle collisions. It is important to understand that the ultimate decision as to wearing a helmet while riding vs. not wearing one is the burden of the rider and not of the government. Each rider must take into account those mitigating factors that might influence the success or failure of each ride on his or her motorcycle. Motorcycle Helmet Laws 9 References Auman, Kimberly M; Kufera, Joseph A; Ballesteros, Michael F; Smialek, John E; Dischinger, Patricia (2002). Autopsy study of motorcyclist fatalities: The Effect of the 1992 Maryland Helmet Use Law. American Journal of Public Health 92. 8, August 2002: 1352-5. Brown, Carlos V. R. , MD, FACS; Hijl, Kelli, MSC; Bui, Eric, MD; Tips, Gaylen, RN, MSN; Coopwood, Ben, MD, FACS (2010). Risk Factors for Riding and Crashing a Motorcycle Unhelmeted. Department of Surgery, Trauma Services, University Medical Center at Brackenridge, Austin, Texas. Cotton, Paul (1992). Highway Fund Threat Is No Easy Ride For Motorcycle Law Opponents. The Journal of the American Medical Association 268. 3, July 15, 1992, p. 311. Derrick, Allison J; Faucher, Lee D.(2009). Motorcycle Helmets and Rider Safety: A Legislative Crisis. Journal of Public Health Policy30. 2: 226-42. Eustace, Deogratias, P. E. , M. ASCE; Krishna Indupuru, Vamsi, Hovey, Peter (2011). Identification of Risk Facors Associated with Motorcycle-Related Fatalities in Ohio. Journal of Transportation Engineering/July 2011, 120-125. Goldstein, Jonathan P, PhD (2011). The Effect of Motorcycle Helmet Use on the Probability of Fatality and the Severity of Head and Neck Injuries: Highlights of Helmet Effectiveness Study. The Journal of Emergency Medicine, Vol. 41, No. 4, pp. 441-446. Copyright  © 2011 Elsevier Inc. Motorcycle Helmet Laws 9 Houston, David J. , PhD; Richardson, Lilliard E, Jr. , PhD (November 2007). Motorcycle Safety and the Repeal of Universal Helmet Laws, American Journal of Public Health, 97. 11, 2063-9. Kraus, Jeff F. , MPH, PhD; Peek, Corinne, MPH; McArthur, David L. , PhD, MPH; Williams, Allan, PhD (1995). The Effect of the 1992 California Motorcycle Helmet Use Law on Motorcycle Crash Fatalities and Injuries. American Journal of Public Health, January 1995, Vol. 85, No. 1, pp. 96 – 100. McCartt, Ann T. ; Blanar, Laura; Teoh, Eric R. ; Strouse, Laura M. (1994). Overview of Motorcycling in the United States: A National Telephone Survey, Journal of Safety Research, Vol. 42, pp. 177-184. O’Neill, James MD; Scott, Charry, RRT; Kissoon, Niranjan, MD; Wludyka, Peter, PHD; Wears, Robert, MD; Luten, Robert, MD (2007). Characteristics of Motorcycle-Related Hospitalizations: Comparing States with Different Helmet Laws. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 39, Issue 1, 190-196.

“How to Tell a True War Story,” by Tim O’Brien Essay

In the essay, â€Å"How to Tell a True War Story,† Tim O’Brien tells several stories of war to illustrate to his readers the criteria for truth in storytelling. O’Brien offers his readers a guide to telling and determining war stories that are true, for the author, true does not necessarily mean actual or real. Instead, O’Brien tells us what a true war story is, but his requirements are not always clear precise—a true war story â€Å"never seems to end,† (O’Brien 273) â€Å"embarrasses you,† (270) â€Å"are contradictory,† (275) and have an â€Å"uncompromising allegiance to obscenity and evil† (270)—they are defined and given context by the author through the telling of his own accounts. The essayist Jon Krakauer offers up his own version of a war story, of sorts, in his telling of the story of Chris McCandless, a young man not participating in a war of nations, or a conflict with others; he, in his own wor ds, was involved in â€Å"the climactic battle to kill the false being within and victoriously conclude the spiritual pilgrimage† (Krakauer 207). The battlefield for McCandless was not a booby-trapped jungle, saturated with enemies and soldiers for the opposition; no, McCandless’s battlefield was the Alaskan frontier. Like a soldier going to war, McCandless knew that where he was going was dangerous. Krakauer remarks that â€Å"he was fully aware when he entered the bush that he had given himself aperilously (emphasis added) slim margin for error. He knew precisely what was at stake† (Krakauer 219). One can draw many parallels between the essays, or war stories, of Krakauer and O’Brien; they are both provocative, and both use descriptive language and paint vivid pictures in the minds of their reader, they both write of young men in the midst of a conflict—emotional or physical—but the stories differ as well. O’Brien presents his ideas of what makes a true war story; based on these ideas, we can determine that the war story told by Krakauer is not a true war story because it is committe d to morality. There are no lessons in true war stories (O’Brien 269); Krakauer offered a lesson in youth and growth in his story about Christopher McCandless. O’Brien and Krakauer are similar in that they both place importance on relaying to the reader the fact that youth and war go hand in hand. It is mainly the young who serve on the frontlines in battle and who are willing to accept the risks associated with war, and it is also the young who become victims of their own inexperience and succumb to the perils  war—being involved in war does not equate to readiness for war. For instance, O’Brien tells a true war story of two young men, soldiers in the Vietnam; he writes, â€Å"They were kids; they just didn’t know. A nature hike, they thought, not even a war †¦ they were giggling and calling each other yellow mother and playing a silly game they invented† (O’Brien 270). Here, O’Brien sets up his readers with words reminiscent of childh ood, the soldiers could have just as well been two kids at summer camp or in a school yard, or any place where kids play, laugh, and call each other names. O’Brien then takes that childhood scene and infuses it with the brutality of war. He describes how one of the young soldiers who, while playing and laughing, detonated a landmine and was killed. True war stories show the gruesomeness of war—kids die horrific deaths, and life is lost in the blink of an eye. War forces â€Å"kids† to grow up quickly, and not on their own terms. Goofing, giggling, and silliness have no place in war; death is a consequence of playfulness, and youth must quickly give way to maturity. In a true war story, a young man may never have the opportunity to figure out life for himself, war does not afford him the opportunity to come to appropriate conclusions about what is right, wrong, moral, or immoral; he will either die, or he will be so exposed to the death of his friends that his moral compass will be disrupted, and he will engage unconscionable behavior. Krakauer presents a similar of theme of youth in the face of danger. Like O’Brien, Krakauer uses words that construct a rich mental image for the reader; in this case, the image is that of an overly eager child. Krakauer writes, â€Å"The boy could hardly contain his excitement. He was about to be alone in the vast Alaska wilds† (Krakauer 206). Krakauer refers to his subject, Chris McCandless, as â€Å"the boy,† conveying the inexperience and ineptitude and childlike enthusiasm of McCandless who, because of his bubbling excitement, sounds more like a kid in a candy store or a child on Christmas morning, than he does a like man about to confront the isolation and bitter cold of the wilderness. Later on, that excitement would turn to desperation and eventually death—like the soldier in O’Brien’s story, the boy meets an early end to his life. In spite of this similarity, Krakauer does not tell a true war story. For some young warriors, adulthood is thrust upon them, maturity it is meted out with no opportunity fo r choice or deliberation; there is no rite of passage. This is not so for McCandless;  Krakauer recognizes growth and maturity arising in McCandless, noting that he made the decision to postpone the river crossing â€Å"after weighing his options,† then â€Å"settl[ing] on the most prudent course† (Krakauer 212). Learning to tame impetuousness allows one to make moral choices, choices that show respect for oneself and one’s surroundings. This type of learning happens with contemplation, introspection, and time. It is not a true war story; not because Krakauer authored a majestic death for McCandless, but because it seemed McCandless lost his war, and it appeared that the battle was too much for him in the end; because Krakauer wrote of a young man who was able to mature during his war, and was able to learn lessons of humility, morality, and caution during his time alone in the Alaska wilds. Imagery in a war stories can be graphic, but in a true war story there is no redemptive value in the gratuitousness of violent acts. O’Brien writes about Rat Riley’s who after witnessing the death of his best friend, encounters a baby buffalo in an abandoned village, â€Å"He opened up a can of C rations, pork and beans, but the baby buffalo wasn’t interested. Rat shrugged. He stepped back and shot it through the right front knee. It went down hard, then got up again, and Rat took careful aim and shot off an ear. He shot it in the hind quarters and in the little hump at its back. He shot it twice in the flanks. It wasn’t to kill; it was to hurt. He put the rifle muzzle up against the mouth and shot the mouth away†¦. There wasn’t a great deal of pity of the baby water buffalo† (O’Brien 274).† O’Brien uses the graphic details to give his reader a glimpse into the mind of soldier who has lost his innocence, one who has l ost empathy because of the grotesque things he has witnessed. The killing of the baby buffalo was not only a response to the pain (or numbness) felt by Rat, but was also a response to rejection. War makes people to terrible things, things that they may not do otherwise. In a true war story, there is little or no remorse for the terrible act. For a soldier, terrible acts and normal acts may become indistinguishable after a while. Death, killing, and suffering is an expectation in war, in a true war story, virtue does not exist; therefore, remorse and empathy cannot exist either. O’Brien clearly illustrates this idea, when writing about the buffalo. Krakauer also uses graphic imagery to show the grisly reality of war. Krakauer tells a story about a moose shot by  McCandless, â€Å"He butchered the carcass under a thick cloud of flies and mosquitoes, boiled the organs into a stew, and then laboriously excavated a burrow in the face of the rocky stream bank directly below the bus, in which he tried to cure, by smoking, the immense slabs o f purple flesh (Krakauer 209).† The shock and gore of cutting up a dead animal with insects biting and flying about could lend itself well to a true war story, but here, it does not. What differentiates this story from O’Brien’s is that Krakauer writes that McCandless felt â€Å"remorse soon after he shot the moose† (Krakauer 209). Because of this remorse, this is not a true war story. If this were a true war story as identified by O’Brien, there would be no sympathy for the animal, no moral outrage by the killer that every part of the animal could not be used. A true war story would not show the level of respect for life, for human and animal value; a true war story disregards life. O’Brien writes that when the buffalo torture was over, it was simply thrown in a well with no regard for the animal, an act that not only punished the animal, but demonstrated a lack of respect for human life as the drinking water from that well would be contaminated. Conversely, Krakauer emphasizes t he great measures McCandless took to preserve the moose meat, and the moral dilemma McCandless faced because he was not successful. O’Brien leaves little room for a story that has any moral significance to be considered a true war story. The author contends that â€Å"If at the end of a war story you feel uplifted, or if you feel that some small bit of rectitude has been salvaged from the larger waste, then you have been made the victim of a very old and terrible lie. There is no rectitude whatsoever† (O’Brien 269). War, for O’Brien, is inherently devoid of morality; so any action occurring as a part of war is fruit from a poisonous tree—it is tainted and cannot be separated to be made clean, or right. True war stories acknowledge this. To say that there can be moral action as two sides are determined to kill more of them while they are trying to kill more of you, is an absurdity. The fighting and conflict, the struggle to maintain one’s humanity in the face of death and dying is challenging to say the least. Four times within â€Å"How to Tell a True War Story† Oà ¢â‚¬â„¢Brien tells the story of Curt Lemon being killed by a landmine. Each time the story is told, there is a new variant, or one taken away; his changes in language, words,  and details range from revolting to beautiful. Certain things change, but the story stays the same—there is death and loss everywhere. That is the story, the true war story. No matter how it is told, Lemon dies and Riley will never laugh with him again. Contrast this with Krakauer who writes Into the Wild after having already written a magazine article on Chris McCandless. Krakauers â€Å"Selections from into the Wild† could not be considered a true war story in the way that O’Brien defines it, because the selection itself is an act of morality. The magazine article Krakauer wrote prior to his writing of the essay can arguably be considered a true war story as it portrays an ill-prepared young man who is done in by his own arrogance. Many who read the article lacked sympathy for the fallen, and instead ridiculed him. People love stories of heroes, but they l ove stories of failures just as well, as long as the failure is some arrogant jerk getting his just deserts. Krakauer could have left the story there, but he did not, he chose to look deeper to get to the truth, to get to the â€Å"absolute occurrence† (O’Brien 277) that O’Brien warns is irrelevant in a true war story. Krakauer wanted to experience what the subject of his story experienced, and make right the wrong he had done with his article—he wants to do the morally responsible thing. Krakauer writes of his journey to set out on the path blazed by McCandless, â€Å"I, too, hope to cross the river. I want to visit the bus. I want to see where McCandless died, to better understand why† (Krakauer 213). Crossing the river—a metaphor used by O’Brien as well—meant facing the unknown in order to learn more and continuing the search for whatever was lost or missing. In some war stories details are important. They can change they the story altogether. They can change an incompetent, arrogant, boy into a disciplined young man who was willing to take up a dangerous challenge just to prove to himself that he could, even if he did not. Krakauer used the essay as tool to change perceptions to ones based on truth; in changing the details he changed the story. Not all war stories are true, in â€Å"How to Tell a True War Story,† Tim O’Brien lays out the elements needed in a war story to be considered true. Jon Krakauer tells a war story, but it is not a true war story by O’Brien’s standards. Morality is the dividing line between Krakauer telling a war  story, a true war story.