Ufo Essays - Unidentified Flying Objects, Roswell UFO Incident

Ufo On June 24th, 1947 while searching for the remains of a downed Marine C-46 transport, lost somewhere in the Mount Ranier area, a young Idahoan businessman named Kenneth Arnold spotted something that would change his life forever. Just north of his position flying at an altitude of 9,500 feet and an unprecedented airspeed of 1,700 mph he spotted nine circular aircraft flying in formation. According to his estimate the aircraft were approximately the size of a DC-4 airliner ( Jackson 4). This account was the first sighting to ever receive a great deal of media attention. This sighting gave birth to the phrase flying Saucer coined by a reporter named Bill Begrette. Although not the first UFO sighting in history, Kenneth Arnolds account is considered to be the first documented UFO sighting. The following day Mr. Arnold discovered that in addition to his sighting there were several others in the Mount Ranier area that same day (Jackson 6). When most of think of UFO sightings we picture an unemployed, half- crazed, alcoholic hick living in a trailer park in the middle small town USA. Often times this description, although a little exaggerated, seems to fit fairly well. In the past when the average person spotted a UFO they were quickly discounted as a kook or con-artist in search of either attention or monetary reward. It wasn't until more reputable figures in our society began to come forward that we that we started looking at this issue a little more seriously. An article written 1957, entitled Strange lights over Grenada written by Aime' Michel describes just such an account: At 10:35 p.m. on September the 4th, 1957 Cpt Ferreira ordered his wing to abandon a planned exercise and execute a 50 degree turn to port. Ferreira was attempting to get a closer look at what he described as brilliant, pulsating light hanging low over the horizon. When the turn was completed he noticed that the object had turned too. It was still directly over his left. There was absolutely n o doubt that the orange light was shadowing the F-84s. For another 10 minutes, it followed the jets without changing direction or appearance. The pilots watched as four small yellow discs broke away from the large red object and took up a formation on either side of it. All at once the large luminous disc shot vertically upward while the smaller discs shot straight towards the F-84s. In an instant the flat disc sped overhead in a hazy blur and vanished. When Cpt Ferriera was questioned by Portuguese Air Force Investigators he was quoted as saying: Please don't come out with the old explanation that we were being chased by the planet Venus, weather balloons, or freak atmospheric conditions. What we saw up there was real and intelligently controlled. And it scared the hell out of us. (32) This is only one of literally hundreds of pilot accounts that have been documented and cross verified by other sources. To date the Portuguese Government has taken no official position as to what the luminous discs were. The United States has had more than it's fair share of unexplained aerial objects. In February of 1960 the N.A.A.D.S. (North American Air Defense System) spotted a satellite of unknown origin orbiting the Earth. They knew that it wasn't a Soviet satellite because it was orbiting perpendicular to trajectory produced by a Soviet launch. It also had a mass estimated at 15 metric tons, no evidence of booster rockets and traveled at speed three times faster than any known satellite. The satellite orbited for two weeks and disappeared without a trace. Before its disappearance, the object which appeared to give off a red glow, was photographed over New York several times (Jackson 19). Lights in the sky aren't the only evidence that suggests we may have cosmic company. In the book A History of UFO Crashes, the author Kevin D. Randal gives detailed accounts of numerous UFO crashes in history. Perhaps the most famous of these crashes occurred on July 4th, 1947 in Roswell New Mexico. The crash at Roswell was witnessed from afar by over a hundred people. Until just recently, no one who was involved in

The Concept of The Natural Step essays

The Concept of The Natural Step essays Can Natural Step promote sustainability in Organisations? There are three examples where companies have used The Natural Step and the outcomes prove whether it promotes sustainability. The examples shown are Stena Metall AB, an industrial recycling, trading and shipping company. The second example is Scandic Hotels and example three is Interface, a manufacturer of commercial floor covering. The Natural Step is a non- profit environmental education organisation with sight of the socially and ecologically sustainable society. Karl Henrik Robert, a cancer doctor in Sweden, discovered Natural Step in 1989. He noticed an increase in childhood leukaemia cases and seen and understood an association between human illnesses and toxins. The approach for The Natural Step is to develop their framework, and put it to use in companies and other organisations. They intend to support it, plus Work towards becoming role models in the domain of sustainable development. Internet. The Natural Step promotes sustainability, and to define sustainability this is when materials are used in continuous cycles, reliable sources of energy is used continuously, and qualities of being human is sustainable. Examples would be as follows: creativity, co-ordination, appreciation, and spiritual and intellectual development. Internet The Natural Step sets out a framework to guide companies and organisations in a direction towards sustainable development and defines the framework it lays out. The purpose of the framework is to explain in the simplest terms so that companies can understand it and integrate in their everyday work. It includes four core processes: i. Understanding the nature of business and society that is unsustainable and the interest of inspiring towards sustainability. ii. Understanding the principles for sustainability, i.e., the four systems Conditions. iii. Strategic visioning through back-casting from a desired sustain...

Solid Waste Management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Solid Waste Management - Research Paper Example As well, they are major contributors in the current polluted status of the earth. There are many ways by which they can help the cause of source reduction. First, they can offer repair of their broken products, so that consumers will not just easily throw away broken manufactured products such as electrical devices. They can also invest on emission purifier that ensures that whatever they release to their surroundings are free from harmful chemicals. They can also help fund discovery of natural materials that may substitute synthetic, non-biodegradable material that they are currently using. For example, they may opt to use biodegradable cartons for packaging instead of the non-biodegradable Styrofoam, which takes a long time to degrade and pollutes water or even land. Speaking of packaging, manufacturers should work on packaging their products with the least material possible, especially when the consumers throw them away anyway. With these steps, not only will the factories help th e environment, they can also save money through it solid waste management (EPA, 2011). 3.) The Middlemen The supermarkets, considered as one of the middlemen between the manufacturers and consumers, can contribute a lot in solid waste reduction. They may give incentives to the buyers who bring their own bags, probably an old plastic bag, in lieu of getting a new one every time they shop. Supermarkets, as well as other establishments such as schools and restaurants, can also be a venue for nearby households to bring their recyclables to. This way, processing of these recyclables becomes a lot cheaper because no extra manpower is needed to get them from every home (EPA, 2011). Gas...From the research it can be comprehended that the principle of source reduction suggests that the reduction of wastes produced can be achieved by using the minimum amount of resources in units as simple as households or as big as manufacturing. This can be done by the 3 R’s, reuse, reduce, recycle, in which materials can be used again like how it was used before, by making new products with less freshly gathered materials, and by modifying a material so that it can be used differently from how it was used before. For example, scratch papers can be reused again for beddings of pet rodents, can be grind and processed again so that the fresh products that are used to make paper are reduced, and they can be recycled so that it can be used to make lamps out of paper mache. Evidently, regular practice of this 3R’s not only ensures waste reduction, but can save natural resources as well. According to the US Environmental Protection Agency, solid waste management plan strictly followed by everyone makes a sustainable community. As what was discussed above, natural resources, which are currently continuously being depleted, are saved. Landfills, which are dedicated for inefficiently managing wastes, can be cleared and used instead as residential areas or parks. Living things can be better protected from the harmful effects of chemicals by properly disposing them. However, solid waste management still poses several disadvantages.

Chinese Current Religion Development Situation Term Paper

Chinese Current Religion Development Situation - Term Paper Example Indeed, the religion has enjoyed a lot of support from the masses and became a guiding ideology in the Chinese context. However, Confucianism did not actually develop into a concrete national belief. Presently, over 85 % of the Chinese people subscribe to some form of religious orientation while the rest are regarded as real atheists. The atheists comprise those who do not have any religious guiding philosophy and do not engage in any religious activities in their lives. Since the beginning of Chinese history, religion in the country has always been characterized by pluralism. Religion in the country basically depends upon the free will of the people and does not really require any form of adherence. In this regard, Buddhism remains one of the most widely practiced forms of religion in the country. Indeed, this religion has a very rich history in the country dating back to the 1st century. In the same way, popular religion is one of the most widely accepted religious traditions. ... Christians make up close to 4% of the total population while Muslims stand at 1.5%. It is further important to note that several religious movements are scattered across the country considering that China is a very large country with a huge population. Many of the intellectuals in China mostly subscribe to Confucianism. Indeed, religion is a very integral part of Chinese society and this is clearly evidenced through the presence of many tall religious statues across the country. These statutes were created to represent various deities and religious personalities from the different forms of religion realized in the country (Clart, 54). The republic of China was established in 1949 and the government of the country is officially atheist. Indeed, the government views religion as a form of feudalism and an imposition of colonialism on the people and does not therefore support or regard any religion as above the other. However, the people of China are always free in terms of making their decisions. More importantly, the government has established a strong separation between the state and the church. Much of the changes with respect to religion were realized during the Cultural Revolution between 1966 and 1967 which was a policy basically geared towards the elimination of religions. During this time, many places of worship in the country were destroyed. There was a considerable relaxation of this policy in the 1970s which marked the end of the Revolution and subsequently religious expression was permitted in the country (Jenner, 46). The 1978 Constitution of China guarantees freedom of religion for everyone in Article 36. As such, it is a policy that no one shall be discriminated upon on the basis of their religion or compelled to join any religion. There

Puck the good one Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Puck the good one - Essay Example Without Puck’s actions and mistakes, the play would not have been set into motion. There would have been no comedy. He creates the scenes and places it into motion. He is the one who searches and retrieves the juice from the flower in order to enchant the fairy queen to lose interest to a young Indian prince, whom which Oberon, his master would wish to be a knight (II.i.25). He is a loyal subject and good follower of his King, and with quite good intentions, as he tried to put the flower’s juice in Demetrius eyes so that he could be kind to Helena (II.ii..246). Although he may have deliberately mistaken the identity and placed the same in Lysander instead. He laughs at the chaos that he has created, and makes fun of the emotional weakness of the mortals, â€Å"Lord, what fools these mortals be!† (III.ii.115). He takes advantage of human’s fragilities, and controls the characters (even the fairy queen), as mere puppets for his delight. He also transforms th e head of the actor Nick Bottom in that of an ass (III.i.129) in so that the fair queen will fall in love with him as a beast, and forget the Indian boy. But despite all the chaos that Puck brings, he still helps put everything in place. As he tries to figure out how to make right his mistake with Lysander, Demetrius began to see Helena’s worth, as Puck also tries to fix his mistake by dropping the flower’s juice in his eyes (III.ii.38). He removes the spell, and help all the lovers get back to their right match. He also removes the spell on Bottom and makes him a normal man again; even inspiring him to write a ballad that he would perform in the wedding. He gives it a title "Bottom's dream, because it hath no bottom"(IV.i.223).

Dilutional Hyponatremia During Intrauterine Adhesion

Dilutional Hyponatremia During Intrauterine Adhesion Severe dilutional hyponatremia in a patient during hysteroscopic of intrauterine  adhesion : A case report YE Yuzhu, LIN Lina Abstract Hysteroscopy is a minimally invasive procedure for the patients of intrauterin adhesion, but may result in potentially disastrous complication labeled transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) syndrome. Excessive absorption of large scale of distension media under high inflow pressure by openings of venous channels in endometrium, the large volume of transfusion fluid that is beyond the modulation ability of body may produce the most dangerous situation of severe hyponatremia, hypervolemia and hypoosmolality. The consequence of hysteroscopy is mainly determined by the type of distension medium, irrigation pressure,condition of endometrium, preoperative catheterization, type of electrode system and duration of the surgery. A case of hysteroscopic resection of intrauterine adhesion in which severely symptomatic hyponatremia and hypervolemia happended with epidural anesthesia is presented. Key words: Hysteroscopy, hyponatremia, distension medium, infusion pressure, TURP (transurethral resection of the prostate ) syndrome. Introduction Hysteroscopy technique in the detection and treatment of intrauterine diseases plays an dominant role because of its unique feature of minimal invasion and remains the â€Å"gold standard† mean for the diagnosis of uterine disease, but may result in potentially disastrous complication known as TURP syndrome or hyponatremia and hypervolemia. A hysteroscopy precdure requires an intrauterin installation inserting into the uterine cavity accompanied by a suitable type of distention medium including dextrose 5% in water (D5W), 2.7% sorbitol, 0.54% mannitol and saline for the visualization of intrauterine situation. The most common fluid used clinically is D5W for its distinct features of low-viscosity, electrolyte-free, safety and lower cost. TURP syndrome appears when large scale of distension media (D5W) is overly absorbed including the following clinical signs: dyspnea, headache, nausea and vomiting, coma, and even can progress to cerebaral and pulmonary edema. Signs and syndrom es are nonspecific when the conditon is in its early stages and, as a result, it’s easy to be ignored. Vigilance and communication of the whole medical team is extremely required to avoid state of illness aggravating. Early management must be rendered as soon as possible for the critically ill patients by anesthetists. We report a case of a 36-year-old woman who developed TURP syndrome during hysteroscopic of intrauterine adhesion herein. 2. Case Report A 36-year-old, weight 62 kg , no medication or coexisting diseases, ASA physical status II , underwent hysteroscopy treatment because of her reiterative intrauterin adhesion during epidural anesthesia. Past surgical history revealed four times of previous hysteroscopies within the year, both of which were aimed to remedy for her secondary infertility but failed in acquiring satisfactory therapeutic efficacy. There were no positive fingds on the preoperative physical examination and normal values in laborarory results included blood routine test and plasmic electrolytes, and the concerntrations of sodium ion, potassium ion and blood glucose level were 139 mmol/L, 3.47 mmol/L and 4.0 mmol/L, respectively. A 12-lead electrocardiogram showed sinus rhythm. Upon arrival to surgical operating room, 500 ml lactated Ringers solution was dripped intravenously as maintenance fluid after standard monitors were placed. The heart rate was 76 beats per minute, respiratory rate was 18 breathes per minute and the oxygen saturation was 99%. Contiuous epidural anesthesia was performed successfully with 0.5% lidocaine and 0.375% ropivacaine 15ml totally within 15 minutes. Then the patient was placed in lithotomy position and no catheterization was offered because of the short operation period we had anticipated preoperatively although she expressed her micturition desire. The surgery initially proceeded unevenfully with very steady state of hemodynamics. 8,000 mL D5W as the irrigation fluid was delivered throught the hysteroscope by gravity pressure (60cm above the patient), and the irrigation pressure for uterine cavity distending was 150 mmHg. Monopolar electrode system was selected for endometrium resection, and controled the watts of electroresec tion and electrocoagulation within 40 60 watts and 60 80 watts, respectively. Simultaneous ultrasonographic monitoring was used to identify the sickness of uterus wall and uterine cavity size. A total of 1,000 mL of lactated Ringers solution was infused during the 70 minutes of surgery, with a total blood loss of 20 mL. Twenty minutes before the termination of surgery , the patient complainted of difficulty in breathing with simultaneous polypnea, shiver, and sensations of vertigo and nausea. Oxygen saturation dropped from 98% to 90% and recoverd soon after mask oxygen inhalation. Thereupon tramadol 50 mg was administered intravenously, and excellent effect obtained. Approximately 300 mL output of urine when the bladder was squeezed incautiously by ultrasound probe and the patient vomited once just the procedure completed. The patient appeared haziness of spirit-mind but responded appropriately to verbal stimulate. A dorsalis pedis artery blood sample was obtained from the patient , and electrolytes were reported using a blood-gas analyzing device. Results as follows: PH 7.31; Na+, 115 mmol/L; K+, 3.0mmol/L; ionized Ca2+, 0.93 mmol/L; Glucose, 27.8 mmol/L; HCO3—, 18.6 mmol/L. Based on the symptoms mentioned above, TURP syndrome was suspected. An indwelling urinary catheter was inserted immediately and 1,800 mL urine output was collected totlly at twice. A mixture of 50ml 10% saline and 100ml 0.9% saline was dripped to raise sodium concentration, meanwhile metoclopramide 10 mg was used for anti-nausea. But there were no diuretic and insulin used in case of aggravating of hypokalemia. Oxygen saturation maintained in 92% after oxygen mask was removed and with a progressive rise. Vital signs on permission to PACU were as follows: blood pressure, 126/79 mmHg; heart rate, 79 beats per minute; breathing rate, 20 breaths per minute; and oxygen saturation, 96%. The patient was transported to postanesthesia care unit (PACU) for continued treatments and review of blood gas analysis. On our arrival into PACU, arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis was performed when the venous transfusion of the hypertonic saline solution ended, revealing PH 7.36; Na+, 127 mmol/L; K+, 3.0mmol/L; ionized Ca2+, 1.0 mmol/L; glucose, 22.9 mmol/L; HCO3—, 21.5 mmol/L; BE, -3.6 mmol/L. The patient still had low sodium and potassium level from ABG, a mixture of 100ml 10% saline and 100ml 0.9% saline containing potassium chloride 0.5 g was supplemented in low-speed intravenously. Nurse anesthetist was asked to record vital signs every 15 minutes. 16:15~18:05, the patient got her vital signs stablized gradually and oxygen staturation could maintain over 95%. Review of her blood gas analysis showed: PH 7.36; Na+, 137 mmol/L; K+, 3.4mmol/L; ionized Ca2+, 1.0 mmol/L; glucose, 7.2 mmol/L; HCO3—, 23.2 mmol/L; BE, -3.6 mmol/L. The patient recieved 500 ml lactated Ringers solution totally in PACU, with a total urine output of 850 mL(data from PACU anesthetic chart), and sent back to the ordinary ward without any complaints and Alderete scores 10. 2. Discussion Hysteroscopy has gained widely used in diagnostic and therapeutic in gynecologic surgery for many special advantages, but is not devoid of risks especially when hysteroscopy is applied to resection of extensively endometrial lesion. Excessive absorption of irrigation fluid during hysteroscopic surgery from uterine cavity is the main cause of TURP syndrome or water intoxication, of which reported incidence is 0.2% [1]. The TURP syndrome mainly has clinical symptoms in cardiovascular system, respiratory system and nervous system including elevation of blood pressure, bradycardia, dyspnea, pulmonary edema, cerebral hemia and even death. The severity of consequence is associated with multiple factors, analysis of this case were as follows. The patient’s uterine cavity has low compliance and severe adhesion, so an intrauterine pressure (IUP) of 150 mmHg is required to obtain excellent visual conditions of bilateral tubal orifices. 8,000 mL D5W as the irrigation fluid is delivered i nto uterine for uterine distension in 70 minutes operation time. Based on clinical research, the absorptivity of distension media by body is within the range of 10 30 ml/min only when the irrigation pressure is less than 100 mmHg [2]. Therefore, we estimated 700 2,100 mL D5W is absorbed into circulatory system approximately, along with an infusion of 1,000 mL lactated Ringers solution. As a result, 1,700 3,100 mL is administered into blood intravenously at least, and even more. Hyperglycemia caused by excessive absorption of D5W produces hyperglycemic hyperosmolar status and then makes intracellular fluid transfers to outside the cell, which bings about exacerbating of hyponatremia status. The patient received high frequency hysteroscopy procedure in the short term leads to large-scale and severe damage of endometrium, allowing the distension fluid entering into blood circulation more easily, which contributes to hypervolemia in a more faster pace. As one of essential factors, ex cessive irrigation pressure plays a crucial role in distension fuild over absorption in the condition that endometrial venous sinus are widely open in hysteroscopic electric resection. In our case, we have to raise the pressure to 150 mmHg for a clear surgical vision of uterine cavity, therefore, rendering excellent chance for fluid entering into body. No catheterization was performed preoperatively, thus a large amount of fluid accumulates in bladder and circulation system. To sum up, in this case, fluid overload, hyperglycemic hyperosmolar status, high intrauterine pressure, disruption of endometrial vessles and lack of preoperative catheterization lead to a significant increasement of circulating volume and a sharply reduce of plasma colloid osmotic pressure. Extracellular free water in brain are transported from the outside to the inside of the cell, which results in cerebral edema and causes intracranial hypertension. A serious of neurological syndromes develop including dizzin ess, headache, nausea, vomiting, and haziness of spirit-mind. Likewise, as a consequence of irrigation fluid overload and dilution of the plasma protein concentration, pulmonary hydrostatic pressure elevated, leading to the accurrence of acute pulmonary edema and pulmonary interstitial edema. The ventilation/perfusion imbalance occurs, and then manifests in dyspnea, hypoxemia and a sustained downward trend of oxygen saturation, etc. Timely recognition and urgent corresponding treatment measures should be taken in the early course of water intoxication to prevent the condition deteriorated. In a general way, for every liter of hypotonic fluid absorbed, the serum sodium concentration will decrease by 10 mmol/L(10 mEq/L) [3]. 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¾Ã‚ Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒ ¦Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ £Ãƒ ¨Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ãƒ ¦Ã…“ ¯Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ­Ãƒ ¥Ã¢â‚¬ ¡Ã‚ ºÃƒ §Ã… ½Ã‚ °Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ¸Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ¿Ã¢â‚¬ ¡Ãƒ ¦Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ §Ãƒ ©Ã‚ «Ã‹Å"à ¨Ã‚ ¡Ã¢ ‚ ¬Ãƒ §Ã‚ ³-à ¨Ã‚ ¾Ã‚ ¾27.8 mmol/Là ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’à ¤Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ´Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ºÃ…  Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ¯Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ãƒ ©Ã‚ ªÃ…’à ¨Ã‚ ¯Ã‚ Ãƒ ¦Ã‹Å"Ã… ½Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ¡Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ §Ã‚ ³-à ¤Ã‚ ¸Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ¿Ã¢â‚¬ ¡Ãƒ ¦Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ §Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ ¡Ãƒ ©Ã‚ «Ã‹Å"à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…“20 mmol/L,à ¤Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ¼Ã… ¡Ãƒ ¥Ã¢â‚¬ ¡Ã‚ ºÃƒ §Ã… ½Ã‚ °Ãƒ ¦Ã‹Å"Ã… ½Ãƒ ¦Ã‹Å" ¾Ãƒ §Ã… ¡Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ãƒ §-†¦Ãƒ §Ã¢â‚¬ Ã… ¸Ãƒ §Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ Ã‚ ¹Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ Ã‹Å"à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’à ¨Ã‚ ¡Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ §Ã‚ ³-à ¥Ã…“ ¨Ãƒ ¦Ã…“ ¯Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ Ã… ½4à ¥Ã‚ °Ã‚ Ãƒ ¦- ¶Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ Ã… ½Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ¼Ã… ¡Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ Ã‚ ¢Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ¤Ã‚ Ãƒ ¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¡Ã‚ ³Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ ­Ã‚ £Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ¸Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ °Ã‚ ´Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ¹Ã‚ ³Ãƒ ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’à ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ãƒ ¦Ã…“ ¯Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ­Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ¯Ã‚ ¹Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ºÃ… ½Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ¡Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ §Ã‚ ³-à §Ã… ¡Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ µÃ¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¦Ã‹Å" ¯Ãƒ ¦Ã…“â‚ ¬Ãƒ ©Ã¢â‚¬ ¡Ã‚ Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ¦Ã‚ Ãƒ §Ã… ¡Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ãƒ ©Ã‚ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ãƒ ©Ã‹Å" ²Ãƒ ¦- ¹Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ ³Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ãƒ 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Ã‚ ¸Ãƒ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ Ã‚ ¶Ãƒ ©Ã¢â‚¬ ¡Ã‚ Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ¾Ã‚ ¾1000 à ¯Ã‚ ½Ã… ¾2000 ml à ¦- ¶Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ Ã‚ ³Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ºÃ¢â‚¬ Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ Ã…“à ¦Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ¢Ãƒ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¦Ã…“ ¯:Issacson KBà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã… ½ Complications of hysteroscopyà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã‚ »Jà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã‚ ½Ãƒ ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã… ½ Obstet Gynecol Clin North Amà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’1999à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’26(1):39à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã‚ 51à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã… ½ )à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’à ¦Ã‚ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ µÃ¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ¡Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ ¸Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ãƒ ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ã‚   à §Ã‚ ¦Ã‚ »Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ­Ã‚ Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ µÃ¢â‚¬Å"à ¥Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¦Ãƒ ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’à ¦Ã‚ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ µÃ¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ §Ã¢â‚¬ Ã… ¸Ãƒ ¥Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‚ ½Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ½Ã¢â‚¬Å"à ¥Ã‚ ¾Ã‚ Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ¡Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ °Ã‚ §Ãƒ ©Ã‚ ¥Ã‚ ±Ãƒ ¥Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ã…’à ¥Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¦Ãƒ ¥Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ã…’à ¥Ã‚ °Ã‚ ¿Ãƒ ©Ã¢â‚¬ ¡Ã‚ Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒ ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã‹â€ 4à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã¢â‚¬ °Ãƒ ©Ã… ¡Ã‚ Ãƒ ¦- ¶Ãƒ §Ã¢â‚¬ ºÃ¢â‚¬ËœÃƒ ¦Ã‚ µÃ¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ¡Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ §Ã¢â‚¬ Ã‚ µÃƒ ¨Ã‚ §Ã‚ £Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ´Ã‚ ¨Ãƒ §Ã… ¡Ã¢â‚¬Å¾ à ¥Ã‚ Ã‹Å"à ¥Ã…’-à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’à ¥Ã‚ Ã… ¡Ãƒ ¥Ã‹â€ Ã‚ °Ãƒ ¦- ©Ãƒ ¦Ã…“Å ¸Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃƒ §Ã… ½Ã‚ °Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ½Ã… ½Ãƒ ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ã‚  Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ¡Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ §-†¡Ãƒ ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’à ¦- ©Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ¤Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ãƒ §Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒ ¦- ©Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ ²Ã‚ »Ãƒ §Ãƒ ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’à ©Ã‹Å" ²Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ¢Ãƒ §-†¦Ãƒ ¦Ã†â€™Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ Ã‚ ¶Ãƒ ¥Ã…’-à £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒ ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã‹â€ 5à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã¢â‚¬ °Ãƒ ¦Ã…“ ¯Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ Ã… ½ à ¥Ã‚ ¿Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ãƒ ©Ã‚ ¡Ã‚ »Ãƒ §Ã‚ §Ã‚ ¯Ãƒ ¦Ã… ¾Ã‚ Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ·Ã… ¸Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ªÃƒ §-†¦Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ºÃƒ §Ã… ¡Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ½Ã¢â‚¬Å"à ¥Ã‚ ¾Ã‚ Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ Ã‹Å"à ¥Ã…’-à £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ à ¦Ã‚ °Ã‚ ´Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ­Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ ¯Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ãƒ ¥Ã…“ ¨Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ¤-à §Ã‚ §Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃƒ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¦Ã…“ ¯Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ­Ãƒ ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’à ¥Ã‚ °Ã‚ ¤Ãƒ ¥Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã‚ ¶Ãƒ ¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ Ãƒ ©Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ã…“à ¦Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¦Ã…“ ¯Ãƒ ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’à ¥Ã…’†¦Ãƒ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ®Ã‚ «Ãƒ ¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ Ãƒ ©Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ã…“à £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ TURPà §Ã‚ ­Ã¢â‚¬ °Ãƒ ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’à ¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ã‚ ¥Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ¸Ã‚  à ¤Ã‚ ºÃ‹â€ Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ »Ã‚ ¥Ãƒ ©Ã‚ «Ã‹Å"à ¥Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¦Ãƒ ©Ã¢â‚¬ ¡Ã‚ Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ §Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒ ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’à ¥Ã‚ °Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ Ã‚ ¥Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ¥Ãƒ ©Ã¢â‚¬ ¡Ã‚ Ãƒ §Ã… ¡Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ Ã… ½Ãƒ ¦Ã… ¾Ã…“à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’à ¦Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ »Ã‚ ¥Ãƒ ¥Ã…“ ¨Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ´Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ºÃ…  Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ¸Ã…  Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ¸Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¦- ¦Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃƒ §Ã… ½Ã‚ °Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ °Ã‚ ´Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ­Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ ¯Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ¿Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ãƒ ©Ã‚ ¡Ã‚ »Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ Ã…   à ¦- ¶Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ¤Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ãƒ §Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒ ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’à ©Ã‹Å" ²Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ¢Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ Ã‚ ¶Ãƒ ¥Ã…’-à ¨Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…’à ¥Ã‚ Ã‚ ±Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ Ã…  Ãƒ §-†¦Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ºÃƒ §Ã¢â‚¬ Ã… ¸Ãƒ ¥Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‚ ½Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ Reference [1] Jansen FW, Verdevoogd CB, Ulzen KV, et al. Complications of hysteroscopy: aprospective multicenter study [J], Obstet Gynecol, 2000, 96 (2): 266 270. [2] Rhymer JS, Bell TS, Perry KC, et al. Hyponatremia following transurethral resection of the postate [J].Br Jurol, 1985, 57(4): 450à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã‚ 452. [3] Prost AM, Liberman RF, Harlow BL, Ginsburg ES. Complication of hysteroscopic surgery: predincting patients at risk. Obster Gynccol. 2000; 96:517-520 [4] Cooper JM Brady RM. Intraoperative and early post-operative complications of operative hysteroscopy. Obstetric and Gynecology Clinics of North America 2000; 27: 347-365 [5]Romer T. Benefit of GnRH analogene treatment for hysteroscopic surgery in patients with bleeding disorders [J].Gynecol.Obstet Invest,2003,50:112-120. [6]Murdoch JA. Tong JG. Anesthesia for hysteroscopy. Anesthesiol Clin North Am. 2001;19:125-140 [ J ].à ¤Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ­Ãƒ ¥Ã¢â‚¬ ºÃ‚ ½Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ¾Ã‚ ®Ãƒ ¥Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬ ºÃƒ ¥Ã‚ ¤-à §Ã‚ §Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃƒ ¦Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ¿-,2009,9(12):1097-109 à ¨Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ±Ãƒ ©Ã‚ «Ã¢â‚¬Å"à ©Ã… ¾Ã‹Å"à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã… ¡Witz CA, Silverberg KM, Burns WN, Schenken RS, Olive DL. Complications associated with the absorption of hysteroscopic fluid media. Fertil Steril 1993;60:745-56.

The Life of Ansel Adams :: Photography Photographers Essays

The Life of Ansel Adams President Jimmy Carter, in presenting Ansel Adams with the Presidential Medal of Freedom, best describes the life and work of Ansel Adams. "At one with the power of the American landscape, and renowned for the patient skill and timeless beauty of his work, photographer Ansel Adams has been visionary in his efforts to preserve this country's wild and scenic areas, both on film and on earth. Drawn to the beauty of nature's monuments, he is regarded by environmentalists as a monument himself, and by photographers as a national institution. It is through his foresight and fortitude that so much of America has been saved for future Americans." Ansel Adams has long been hailed as a master of photography. Environmentalist and photographer, he was born February 20th, 1902 in San Francisco California to Charles Hitchcock Adams. He was the grandson of a wealthy timer baron and he grew up in the sand dunes of the Golden Gate Bridge. His family's fortune diminished during the financial panic of 1907 and his father Charles spent the rest of his life trying to rebuild it. In 1906 at the age of 4, Ansel was thrown to the ground during an aftershock of the great San Francisco earthquake and broke his nose, scarring him for life in the process. This physical characteristic along with a natural shyness also led to the young Ansel having problems in fitting in at school. After trying several schools with little success, his parents took him out of main stream schooling in 1915 and Ansel received home tutoring from an aunt and his father. As a result of not attending school, the young Adams had a lot more time to himself and he used much of this time on long walks around the Golden Gate area. It was here that his life-long love of nature grew and it was perhaps this that put him on his path to becoming a landscape photographer. In 1916 there was another event that was to be pivotal in shaping Adams future. On a family vacation to Yosemite National Park, California his parents gave him a Kodak Box Brownie camera. He was to return to Yosemite again every ye ar for the rest of his life. This summer I had the opportunity to live where many of these Yosemite and other pictures were taken. One of his most famous photographs was of the many curves of the Snake River, with the picturesque Grand Teton Mountains in the background.

Static or Dynamic Checkpoint

* As a network administrator for a company, you want to configure an IP route between two routers. Of static and dynamic routing, which is more appropriate? A router is a device that connects two LANs or WANs together. It has the ability to determine the best known route to send packets to a destination. The factors used to determine the best known route include not only the fastest route, but the most efficient.By using routing tables the router can determine the route with the least amount of congestion or traffic, as well as the safest route for the packets to travel. It doesn’t always mean it’s the fastest route to the destination, but it is the most efficient. A router can be manually programmed by the network administrator to provide the most efficient route. This is called static routing. In this type of routing, the network administrator manually determines the best mappings to each destination before the routing begins.This is a finite form of routing. Once the network administrator programs the routers, there is no change in the routing pattern unless it is reprogrammed to a new route. If the pattern runs through a congested network area, a router in the pattern is not functioning properly, or part of the network is down, the router continues to try the same pattern because that is all it is programmed to remember. For today’s larger networks, an unforgiving router mapping is not necessarily the most efficient way of passing information within the network.When routing dynamically, software is used to program a router to be forgiving. This means that the router remembers the best or most efficient path, but if that path is not working, it will try the next most efficient route. The router is able to do this by remembering the routing tables most often used in the network. A dynamic router needs very little maintenance because it automatically remembers the network routing protocols as they are used. If a path is congested or a oute r is down, it uses the remembered routing tables to find the next best route without any manual programming. This type of dynamic routing is fault tolerant. It not only senses the usual route is not efficient, but it shares the information among routers on the internetwork so that all routers are aware of the new route. In the above scenario, as a network administrator in the present time, I would choose to configure an IP route between two routers dynamically.I believe it is more appropriate to route packets in the most efficient manner, and by routing dynamically this will happen automatically, and without any knowledge by the end user. The network administrator will only have to do the initial programming of the router, and the rest is done by the router itself. As a network administrator, not having to program each path a router will take, will free up time for other projects. In the given scenario, routing the network dynamically is the most appropriate choice.

Social Emotional Learning Competencies

Social Emotional Learning Competencies There are many different ways students experience stress in schools, from standardized or high stakes testing to bullying. In order to better  equip students with the emotional skills they will need while they are schools, once they leave school and enter the work force. Many schools are adopting programs to help support  Social-Emotional Learning (SEL).  Ã‚  The definition of  Social-Emotional Learning or SEL is:   (SEL) is the process through which children and adults acquire and effectively apply the knowledge, attitudes, and skills necessary to understand and manage emotions, set and achieve positive goals, feel and show empathy for others, establish and maintain positive relationships, and make responsible decisions.   In education, SEL has become the way schools and districts have coordinated activities  and programs in character education, violence prevention, anti-bullying, drug prevention and school discipline. Under this organizational umbrella, the primary goals of SEL are to reduce these problems enhancing the school climate, and improve students’ academic performance. FIVE COMPETENCIES FOR SOCIAL EMOTIONAL LEARNING: Research shows that in order for students to develop the knowledge, attitudes, and skills described in SEL, students need to be  competent,  or have  abilities, in five areas: self-awareness, self-management, social awareness, relationship skills, responsible decision making. The following criteria for these skills could serve as an inventory for students to self-evaluate as well: Collaborative for Academic,  Social, and Emotional Learning (CASEL)  defines these areas of ability as: Self-awareness:   This is the students ability to accurately recognize emotions and thoughts and the influence   of emotions and thoughts on behavior. Self-awareness means that a student can accurately assessing his or her own strengths as well as limitations. Students who are self-aware possess a sense of confidence and optimism.  Self-management:  This is the ability for a student to regulate emotions, thoughts, and behaviors effectively in different situations. The ability to self-manage includes how well the student manages stress, controls impulses,and   motivates himself or herself. The student who can self-manage can set and work toward achieving personal and academic goals.Social awareness:  This is the ability for a student to use another lens or another persons point of view. Students who are socially aware can empathize with others from diverse backgrounds and cultures. These students can understand diverse social and ethical norms for behavior. Students who ar e socially aware can recognize and know where to find family, school, and community resources and supports.   Relationship skills:  This is the ability for a student to establish and maintain healthy and rewarding relationships with diverse individuals and groups. Students who have strong relationship skills  Ã‚  listening actively and  can communicate clearly. These students are cooperative while resisting inappropriate social pressure. These students have the ability to negotiate conflict constructively. Students with strong relationship skills can seek and offer help when needed.Responsible decision making:  This is the ability for a student to make constructive and respectful choices about his or her own personal behavior and social interactions. These choices are based on consideration of ethical standards, safety concerns, and social norms. They respect the realistic evaluations of situations. Students who exhibit responsible decision making respect the consequences of various actions, the well-being of themselves, and the well-being of others. CONCLUSION The research  shows that  these competencies are taught most effectively within caring, supportive, and well-managed learning environments.   Incorporating social emotional learning programs (SEL) in school curriculum is considerably different than offering programs for math and reading test achievement. The goal of SEL programs is to develop students to be healthy, safe, engaged, challenged, and supported beyond school, well into college or career. The consequence, however, of good SEL programming,  is that the research shows that it results in a general improvement in academic achievement. Finally, the students who participate in social emotional learning programs offered through schools learn identify their individual strengths and weaknesses in dealing with stress. Knowing individual   strength or weaknesses can help student develop the social emotional skills they need to be successful in college and/or career.

Applied Psychology Research Paper Example

Applied Psychology Research Paper Example Applied Psychology Paper Applied Psychology Paper Whether it is the click wheel of your pod, your laptops touch-screen, or computer systems applications for disabled users, many types of applied psychological methods were used to design and develop them. Applied Psychology refers to the use of psychological principles and research methods to solve practical problems we humans encounter everyday. Designing computer Interfaces Like a mouse that glides without wires or the new WI game console, is only one way to apply psychology in todays world. The largest applied areas are in clinical and counseling psychology, but there many others, such as community or social psychology, educational psychology, litany psychology, health psychology and space psychology (Con, Mutterer, 2010). In this research paper I will briefly discuss six diverse fields that impact business, the environment, education, law, sports and human factors. Applied Psychology In business- Industrial/Organizational 1/0 Psychology study the behavior of people at work and in organizations (Mammoth, 2006). Though the goal of 1/0 Psychology Is to increase the productivity and well being of employees, there are two approaches on how this can be accomplished. The Industrial approach (the l In 1/0 psychology) focuses on determining the competencies needed to perform a Job, staffing the organization with employees who have those competencies, and increasing those competencies through training. The organizational approach (the o sinology) creates an organizational structure Ana culture Tanat wall motivate employees to perform well, give them the necessary information to do their job, and provide working conditions that are safe and result in an enjoyable and satisfying work environment. When these approaches are applied, the workers tasks or duties are enhanced thus improving their quality of work life through the training f leaders, better matching of people with the right Job, and improving organizational structure. There are three major areas that are vital for the success of the 1/0 psychologist: leadership, Job satisfaction and personnel psychology. We all know that the key to a successful organization is its leaders. Leadership can be thought of as a capacity to define oneself to others in a way that clarifies and expands a vision of the future (Friedman, 2001). The improvement of working culture conditions need to have some sort of rationale behind it and to better understand the rationale we must insider the two basic theories of leadership: Theory X and Theory Y. One of the earliest attempts to improve worker-task efficiency was made in 1923 by Frederick Taylor. To speed up production, Taylor standardized work routines and stressed careful planning, control and organization. Today, versions of Tailors approach are called scientific management. Leaders that tend to be task-oriented are said to be Theory X leaders. As mentioned before Theory X is grounded primarily in scientific management and is concerned only with work efficiency. Theory X leaders tend to assume that workers must be guided into being productive to provide a maximum output at a lower cost; as a result they alter conditions they believe will affect workers such as time schedules, production quotas, bonuses and so on. In Tailors time, when many large companies were manufacturers with large assembly lines, theory X leaders tend to wish that people would act more like well-oiled machines and could work without rest. How ever most 1/0 psychologist recognize that psychological efficiency is Just as important as work efficiency. The term Theory X was first coined by psychologist Douglas McGregor (1960) as a way to distinguish the dervish style associated with scientific management from Theory Y, a newer approach which stresses human relations at work. Theory Y emphasizes psychological efficiency with methods like shared leadership, management by objectives, self-managed teams, and quality circles. In short, Theory Y assumes that people are industrious, creative, and rewarded by challenging work. In shared leadership or participative management, employees at all levels are directly involved in the decision making process. In management by objectives, workers are given specific goals to meet, so they can tell if they are doing a good Job meeting the goals thou having a supervisor breathing down their necks. In any case, workers are free to choose (within limits) how they will achieve their goals; as a result they feel more independent and take personal responsibility for their work. Feedback is also quite important because workers are especially more productive when they receive favorable criticism about their progress. A self-managed team is a group of employees who work together towards a shared goal. These groups can typically choose their own methods of achieving results, as long as they are effective. These names tend to put good use of their individual strengths and talents plus they contribute new ideas and improved motivations. Most of all they encourage cooperation and teamwork, they most likely feel they are being treated fairly at work Ana develop a positive team atmosphere (Large Bayonne, 2 Hymnal In quality circles or employee discussion groups, voluntary members seek ways to solve business problems and improve efficiency. In contrast to self-managed teams, quality circles usually dont have the power to put their suggestions to work directly, but good ideas speak for themselves and many are adapted by company leaders. Quality circles have many limitations, but studies verify that greater personal involvement can lead to better performance and Job satisfaction (Egger, Burke, Seller, 1995). While Theory X makes perfect sense when you Just seek to improve production without taking into account the workers needs, the methods used by the Theory Y leader ultimately improve Job satisfaction, or the degree to which a person is pleased with his or her work. Job satisfaction influences many factors that affect business efficiency, including productivity, absenteeism, morale, and employee turnover. Job distractions promotes Job enrichment which in turn leads to workers having challenges in their tasks, positive attitude, a balanced work-lifestyle through the forming of social groups and organizational cultures, a sense of purpose and self awareness for the duties they perform. Job enrichment involves making a Job more rewarding, interesting and motivating thru the use of such methods as flextime, short work weeks and telecommuting. The most productive employees are those who are happy at work (Mammoth, 2006). Organizations can also improve their chances of success by hiring the right employee in the first place. Personnel psychology is concerned with the testing, selection, placement, and promotion of employees. It begins with Job analysis, a detailed description of the skills, knowledge, and activities required by a particular Job and include the development and use of selection procedures like interviews, biota (facts about the employee), standardized psychological (aptitude) tests, and assessment programs setup within an organization to conduct in-depth evaluations of Job candidates. In the environment- Environmental Psychology study problems related to the physical environment and design plans to solve them. The specialty of the environmental psychologist concerns the relationship between environments and human behavior. Their interest are in both physical environments, whether its natural or man-made, and social environments which is defined by groups of people and how they interact at work, a business meeting, a dance or a party. This form of psychology also studies stressful environments and problems such as crowding, pollution, and wasted resources. The rate of stress in environments vary from the ones that exist in large cities like New York (NY) with all the traffic, congestion, pollution, and crime as marred to a less dense metropolis like Orlando (FL) which would also have the same type of traffic, congestion, pollution, and crime but to a lesser extent. To this list psychologists also added crowding and noise pollution. Overpopulation ranks as one of the serious problems facing the world today. The worlds population is now more than 6 billion and experts estimate that the maximum sustainable population on Earth is between 5 billion and 20 billion. This means the Earth has already entered the lower range of its capacity (Cohen, 1995), and this is based on the last estimated world census calculated between December 2000 and June 2001. Although the results of animal experiments, dealing with overcrowding, cannot be considered as conclusive for humans, they point to some disturbing effects. In these experiments, a null level AT pathological Demeanor developed In Down males Ana Tamales. Females gave up building nests and caring for the young, pregnancies decreased, and infant mortality ran extremely high. Many of the animals became aimlessly aggressive and went on rampaging attacks against others. Social dilemmas, as well as overpopulation and over-consumption, like wasting resources, contribute to these problems. A social dilemma is any social situation that rewards actions that have undesirable effects in the long run. (Van Bug, De Creme, 2002). In a typical social dilemma, no one individual intentionally acts against the group interest, but if many people act alike, collective harm is done. In such situations, the tragedy of the commons occur, in which individuals, each acting in his or her immediate self interest, over use a scarce group resource. An example would be using an abundance of water to water your lawn during a dry spell. Whenever personal convenience or comfort is involved, it is highly tempting to let others worry about it; et in the long run everyone stands to lose. Research shows that physical strategy, like conservation and recycling to name Just two and psychological strategies can be useful in promoting a better environment. Although many problems still exist, it is encouraging to see that behavioral solutions exist for at least some of them. In education- Educational Psychology seeks to understand how people learn and how teachers instruct to improve the quality of learning and teaching. At one time or another, we all dealt with teaching something to someone which was most likely taught to you. There are six basic steps designed to use in a classroom, but it can be applied to many situations: Step 1: Learner Preparation. Begin by gaining the learners attention, and focus interest on the topic. Step 2: Stimulus presentation. Present instructional stimuli like information, examples, and illustrations in a clear and deliberate manner. Step 3: Learner response. Allow time for the learner to respond to the information presented by repeating correct responses or asking questions. Step 4: Reinforcement. Give positive reinforcements in form of praise and encouragement plus feedback like yes, thats erect, to strengthen correct responses. Step 5: Evaluation. Test and assess the learners progress so that both you and the learner can make adjustments when needed. Step 6: Spaced review. Periodic review is an important in teaching because it helps strengthen responses to key words or stimuli. Direct instruction and discovery learning are two of the most basic teaching styles that yield different student outcomes. In direct instruction, factual information is presented by lecture, demonstrations and rote practice, which basically drills the data into the learner by means of mechanical repetition. The National Institute for Direct Instruction considers direct instruction the most successful style of teaching (INFIX National Institute, 2008). In discovery learning, teachers create conditions that encourage students to discover or construct knowledge for themselves (Dean, Kuhn, 2007). As it turns out, both approaches have certain advantages. Students of direct instruction do slightly better on achievement tests than discovery students, however, discovery learners do somewhat better on abstract thinking, creative thinking, and problem solving plus they tend to be more independent, curious, and positive in their attitudes towards school (Peterson, Janice, 1979). In law- Psychology of Law is the study of the behavioral dimensions of the legal system. Psychological factors greatly affect ten law Ana Jury echelons. When a case goes to trial, Jurors must Olsten to days or weeks of testimony and then decide guilt or innocence. Studies of mock juries indicate that decisions made by Juries are not always objective and show that jurors are rarely able to put aside biases, attitudes and value while making a decision (Perlmans, Cowboy, 1983). Problems like these are troubling in a legal system thats supposed to be fair to all. In scientific Jury selection, social science principles are applied to the process of choosing a Jury. Who serves on a Jury will affect the outcome of a trial and law psychologist are often employed to advise lawyers on which potential Juror should be selected or dismissed based on certain social and psychological characteristics. Jury research is perhaps the most direct link between psychology and law, but there are others. Psychologists evaluate people for sanity hearings; do counseling in prison, profile criminals, advice politicians and lawmakers on public policy, help in the selection and training of police cadets and such more. In sports- Sports Psychology is the study of the behavioral dimensions of sports performance (Cox, 2007). As almost all serious athletes now know that to achieve peak performance, you need more than Just physical training. Mental and emotional conditionings are also important. Sports psychologist assist athletes by teaching them to relax, ignore distractions, and sharpen their emotional intelligence to attain the highest point of performance. Self-regulations strategies help focus attention and maintain optimal levels of arousal. In a task analysis, sports kills are broken into subparts, so that key elements can be identified and taught. The task analysis is then used by coaches and trainers to improve performance of motor skills which is basically a series of actions molded into one fluid movement. For example, it doesnt take much to be off target in the sports of marksmanship. The object is to hit a bulls-eye the size off Canadian dime at the end off 55-yard-long (or 165 feet) shooting range, nevertheless an average of 50 of 60 shots hit the bulls- eye with regularity in international competition according to the International Olympic Committee (OIC). Beyond keen eyes and steady hands, the marksmen are conditioned to squeeze the trigger between heartbeats. Apparently the minute tremor created by the heartbeat is enough to send the bullet off target (Belton, 1983). In Human Factors- The human factors psychologist or Ergonomics goal is to design machines, tools and work environments so they are compatible with our sensory perception and motor skill capacities. Psychologist Donald Norman (1994) refers to successful human factors engineering as natural design; because it is based perpetual signals that people understand naturally, without needing to learn them.

UK economy during 2008 recession Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

UK economy during 2008 recession - Essay Example It is worth mentioning that decline in consumption has direct adverse impacts upon production, which then leads to closure of businesses followed by retrenchment and unemployment. Also, the subprime mortgage property crises in USA triggered closures, mergers and acquisitions of US financial institutions, but it also negatively affected UK investment, commercial banks and financial institutions as they were among the businesses that also made huge investments in US banking and property sectors. Finally, this led to a credit crunch like situation that sabotaged the financial position of UK banks, which were facing liquidity problems and were reluctant in sanctioning loans to borrowers. Finally, the expectations and forecasts that UK economy would contract by more than 2 – 2.5% in 2009 also aggravated the situation and interest rates were reduced to 3% from 4.5% by Federal Bank after instructions of UK government regarding formulation of new monetary policy to reduce business cos ts, to boost investors and consumers’ morale and to trigger greater purchase responses. Recall that economic theory argues that the greater the number of transactions and consumption level, the more employment and jobs opportunities will create due to multiple exchanges of money among people (Hetzel, 2009). As far as the fiscal policy is concerned, it should be pointed out that UK government announced financial bailout packages of ?12bn and ?18bn so that it could pump money in the economy to eradicate liquidity crises and trigger consumer purchase responses. In addition, the government also announced tax cuts (direct and indirect levies) so that businesses could ensure their survival in challenging external business environment. Had the above measures not been taken, the UK cumulative negative GDP growth rate had surpassed 3% due to credit crunch and rising debts (Wren-Lewis, 2010). 2. Explain UK monetary and fiscal policy during the crisis according to IS - LM model. It is w orthwhile to mention the fact that IS – LM model shows the relationship between real interest rate and output level. The IS curve shows the corresponding interest rate that clears the good market. The IS curve slopes downward because the aggregate output increases at low real interest rates and vice versa. Indeed, IS curve is derived from changes in desired investment and desired saving in an economy. The LM curve shows the real interest rate that clears the asset market. For instance, the LM curve is actually derived from changes in real money supply and real money demand. In addition, economic theory talks about Full Employment Line that shows the labour market equilibrium i-e employment and output are at Full employment level. As far as the UK economy is concerned, I would assume that the IS – LM had been in general equilibrium prior to recession i-e the goods, asset and labour market were in equilibrium simultaneously. Real interest IS LM Equilibrium point Output N ow when UK economy entered in recession, the UK government changed the monetary and fiscal policies that would cause shifts in IS and LM curves. For example, the reduction in nominal interest rate on money will reduce money demand, thereby reducing the real interest rate that clears asset market and causing a downward shift in LM curve. Similarly, increasing nominal money supply in market through stimulus package will reduce real interest rat

Scientific discoveries Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Scientific discoveries - Essay Example Molecular electronics face two types of challenges. The first challenge is building molecular structures that act as switches and the second challenge is combining these molecules into a complex circuit in order that they are able to perform a specific function. These two tasks demand reproducible organic molecular conductors and insulators. Polyphenylene based molecules besides carbon nanotubes have been considered as possible candidate molecules capable of these tasks (3). In October 2009 a team of researchers led by bio-designer N. J. Tao reported success in the development of key electrical component of the diode on a phenomenally tiny molecular scale, namely the single-molecule diode. (4). Diodes constitute critical components for a wide range of applications that include power conversion equipment, radios, logic gates, photodetecters and light emitting devices. In all these applications diodes make up the components that permit current to flow in one direction, but not in the other direction in an electrical circuit. To bring this specific function down to the level of a molecule, the molecule should be physically asymmetrical, where one end of the molecule has the capacity to form a covalent bond with the negatively charged anode terminal and the other end capable of bonding with the positively charged cathode terminal. A symmetrical molecule allows current to flow in both directions, which is similar to an ordinary resistor. On the other hand an asymmetrical molecule allows current to flow in only direction similar to a diode, which is the more important and difficult component to replicate. With the size of a transistor in the field of electronics nearing a few te n nanometers or about twenty times larger than a molecule, the development of a molecular diode is exciting. (5). The Tao led research team studied conjugated molecules for the purpose of developing a molecular diode. In conjugated molecules the atoms are stuck together by alternating