The Effects Of Illegal Immigrants On The Us Economy

Illegal immigrants in the United States have long been a subject of examine for policymakers and people in general. . The basis about them is that they do not pay taxes, they add to the costs of taxpayers and use up funds in resources meant for assisting citizens and legal immigrants. Hence, they are seen as a danger to the US economy. The genuine effects of illegal immigrants on the US economy are discussed by debating over the economic benefits as well as economic costs of these immigrants. The negative impacts, discussed first, presented the decreases in low skilled jobs’ wage rates for legal immigrants and citizens instigated by illegal immigrants, the social services such as educations and healthcare that they utilize and add to taxpayers. At that point in spite of the negative effects, the positive effects uncover advantages of low production costs, increases in the local market sales, undocumented tax generation, impact on growth and employment brought forth by illegal immigrants. These impacts, both negative and positive, are independently analyzed and weighed against each other. The discussion does demonstrate a slight net positive impact on the US economy in contrast to the normal belief about illegal immigrants. â€Å"Illegal Immigrants and the United States Economy: Is It that Big of an Issue?† The journey from a few cave people to seven billion humans on this planet has been portrayed by the physical development of Homo sapiens starting with one place to another,Show MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Illegal Immigrants On The Us Economy2794 Words   |  12 PagesIllegal immigrants in the United States (US) have long been a topic of debate for policy makers and the public. The rationale about them is that they do not pay taxes; they add to the costs of taxpayers and use up funds in resources meant for assisting citizens and legal immigrants (the legal citizens). Therefore, they are perceived as a threat to the US economy. The true impacts of illegal immigrants on the US economy are discussed by debating over the economic benefits as well as economic costsRead MoreThe Dangers Surrounding the United States and Mexican Boarder1048 Words   |  4 Pages It is amazing to think about the great lengths one is willing to go to take in order to provide for their f amily and the slight chance of a better life. The immigrants crossing the U.S border from Mexico are the ones taking the deadly journey through the fiery desert. They all have different backgrounds, family but the one thing they all share is the goal of escaping poverty to find riches in the united states â€Å"and Read MoreIllegal Immigration Is The United States Essay1643 Words   |  7 Pagesto the land of opportunity because it is the only true free country in the world. Because of this, the issue of illegal immigration is, and always been occurring since day one. The defined definition of the term â€Å"illegal immigration† is the migration of people across national borders in a way that violates the immigration laws of the destination country. There are thousands of illegals that get inside the United States borders every single day. Whether it is from getting over the border, throughRead MoreImmigration Reform O f The United States1397 Words   |  6 PagesIn 1986, the United States enacted The Immigration Reform and Control Act which made it illegal to hire illegal immigrants. This is by far the biggest reform made in recent history. Immigration reform is simply making changes to a country’s immigration policies for the better. It has been a huge and controversial topic since 1986 and even more so when President Obama proposed a reform himself in 2009. According to Obama, this reform would improve border enforcement, be stricter on visa overstaysRead MoreThe Rights Of Illegal Immigration1690 Words   |  7 PagesJuan Guarintino was a Spanish immigrant who moved here into the United States. Juan worked for General Faucets and Plumbing and loved every minute of his job. There was only one problem that Juan was struggling with in America. Juan Guarintino was an illegal immigrant who had paid someone to smuggle him into the United States and make him a fake visa card. Now, a few d ays ago, he shot a man for the twenty dollars in his pocket that way he could manage his chronic cocaine problem, but the police haveRead MoreThe Benefits of the DREAM Act 825 Words   |  3 Pageshigher and better paying jobs, which would greatly affect our country and be beneficial to the economy. Therefore, the passing of the DREAM Act represents a fair deal to both the young DREAMers and the American society. Young illegal immigrants who would be able to benefit from the DREAM Act have difficulties when it comes to have access to higher education and high paying jobs because of their illegal status. And passing the DREAM Act will help them reach their educational and professional goalsRead MoreThe Cost of Illegal Imigration Essays1560 Words   |  7 PagesPresident Franklin Roosevelt once said the famous words of,† Remember, remember always, that all of us, and you and I especially, are descended from immigrants and revolutionists.† (Roosevelt, Franklin) In the dilemma we face today people love to bring this up as an excuse. In all the years our great country has been established, we have always thrived upon immigrants, because even we are descended from immigrants. However when others come here to our country and are not documented and drastically changeRead MoreKnowing More about Immigration Essay942 Words   |  4 PagesImmigration has been around ever since people hav e chosen to move around to different lands other than their own to settle and live on. The United States is one big melting pot of immigrants; it is made up of immigrants from everywhere in the world: people from Ireland, Germany, China, and everywhere else. According to bbc.co.uk immigrants migrate because of â€Å"pull factors† which are reasons why people immigrate somewhere new. Some examples of pull factors are higher employment rates, more money, better helpRead MoreImmigration On The United States1302 Words   |  6 Pagessay it’s the foundation of our country. America is the country where people leave their own country to live. People would leave due to mistreatment, hunger issues or job opportunities. America is known for starting over or accomplishing dreams, so immigrants travel over to follow those dreams. People emigrate from one country to another for a variety of complex reasons. Some are forced to move, due to conflict or to escape persecution and pr ejudices, while others may voluntarily emigrate. AlthoughRead MoreThe Effects Of Mexican Immigration On The United States1252 Words   |  6 PagesHEAD: IMMIGRATION POLICY Immigration Policy in the United States: The Effects of Immigration on the Legal, Native Workforce Christopher R. Surfus, MBA, MPA Western Michigan University School of Public Affairs and Administration PADM-6840 Management of Public Financial Resources Professor Robert Peters, Ph.D. December 3, 2015 Immigration Policy in the United States: The Effects of Mexican Immigration on the Legal Workforce ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION Immigration policy The Effects Of Illegal Immigrants On The Us Economy Illegal immigrants in the United States (US) have long been a topic of debate for policy makers and the public. The rationale about them is that they do not pay taxes; they add to the costs of taxpayers and use up funds in resources meant for assisting citizens and legal immigrants (the legal citizens). Therefore, they are perceived as a threat to the US economy. The true impacts of illegal immigrants on the US economy are discussed by debating over the economic benefits as well as economic costs of these immigrants. The negative impacts, discussed first, presented the decreases in low skilled jobs’ wage rates for legal immigrants and citizens instigated by illegal immigrants, the social services such as educations and healthcare that they utilize and add to taxpayers. Then contrary to the negative impacts, the positive impacts reveal benefits of low production costs, increases in the local market sales, undocumented tax generation, impact on growth and employment brought fort h by illegal immigrants. These impacts, both negative and positive, are independently analyzed and weighed against each other. The discussion does show a slight net positive impact on the US economy in contrast to the normal belief about illegal immigrants. Illegal Immigrants and the United States Economy: Is It that Big of an Issue? The journey from a few cave people to seven billion humans on this planet has been characterized by the physical movement of Homo sapiens from one place to another,Show MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Illegal Immigrants On The Us Economy2918 Words   |  12 Pages Illegal immigrants in the United States have long been a subject of examine for policymakers and people in general. . The basis about them is that they do not pay taxes, they add to the costs of taxpayers and use up funds in resources meant for assisting citizens and legal immigrants. Hence, they are seen as a danger to the US economy. The genuine effects of illegal immigrants on the US economy are discussed by debating over the economic benefits as well as economic costs of these immigrants. TheRead MoreThe Dangers Surrounding the United States and Mexican Boarder1048 Words   |  4 Pages It is amazing to think about the great lengths one is willing to go to take in order to provide for their family and the slight chance of a better life. The immigrants crossing the U.S border from Mexico are the ones taking the deadly journey through the fiery desert. They all have different backgrounds, family but the one thing they all share is the goal of escaping poverty to find riches in the united states â€Å"and Read MoreIllegal Immigration Is The United States Essay1643 Words   |  7 Pagesto the land of opportunity because it is the only true free country in the world. Because of this, the issue of illegal immigration is, and always been occurring since day one. The defined definition of the term â€Å"illegal immigration† is the migration of people across national borders in a way that violates the immigration laws of the destination country. There are thousands of illegals that get inside the United States borders every single day. Whether it is from getting over the border, throughRead MoreImmigration Reform Of The United States1397 Words   |  6 PagesIn 1986, the United States enacted The Immigration Reform and Control Act which made it illegal to hire illegal immigrants. This is by far the biggest reform made in recent history. Immigration reform is simply making c hanges to a country’s immigration policies for the better. It has been a huge and controversial topic since 1986 and even more so when President Obama proposed a reform himself in 2009. According to Obama, this reform would improve border enforcement, be stricter on visa overstaysRead MoreThe Rights Of Illegal Immigration1690 Words   |  7 PagesJuan Guarintino was a Spanish immigrant who moved here into the United States. Juan worked for General Faucets and Plumbing and loved every minute of his job. There was only one problem that Juan was struggling with in America. Juan Guarintino was an illegal immigrant who had paid someone to smuggle him into the United States and make him a fake visa card. Now, a few days ago, he shot a man for the twenty dollars in his pocket that way he could manage his chronic cocaine problem, but the police haveRead MoreThe Benefits of the DREAM Act 825 Words   |  3 Pageshigher and better paying jobs, which would greatly affect our country and be beneficial to the economy. Therefore, the passing of the DREAM Act represents a fair deal to both the young DREAMers and the American society. Young illegal immigrants who would be able to benefit from the DREAM Act have difficulties when it comes to have access to higher education and high paying jobs because of their illegal status. And passing the DREAM Act will help them reach their educational and professional goalsRead MoreThe Cost of Illegal Imigration Essays1560 Words   |  7 PagesPresident Franklin Roosevelt once said the famous words of,† Remember, remember always, that all of us, and you and I especially, are descended from immigrants and revolutionists.† (Roosevelt, Franklin) In the dilemma we face today people love to bring this up as an excuse. In all the years our great country has been established, we have always thrived upon immigrants, because even we are descended from immigrants. However when others come here to our country and are not documented and drastically changeRead MoreKnowing More about Immigration Essay942 Words   |  4 PagesImmigration has been around ever since people hav e chosen to move around to different lands other than their own to settle and live on. The United States is one big melting pot of immigrants; it is made up of immigrants from everywhere in the world: people from Ireland, Germany, China, and everywhere else. According to bbc.co.uk immigrants migrate because of â€Å"pull factors† which are reasons why people immigrate somewhere new. Some examples of pull factors are higher employment rates, more money, better helpRead MoreImmigration On The United States1302 Words   |  6 Pagessay it’s the foundation of our country. America is the country where people leave their own country to live. People would leave due to mistreatment, hunger issues or job opportunities. America is known for starting over or accomplishing dreams, so immigrants travel over to follow those dreams. People emigrate from one country to another for a variety of complex reasons. Some are forced to move, due to conflict or to escape persecution and pr ejudices, while others may voluntarily emigrate. AlthoughRead MoreThe Effects Of Mexican Immigration On The United States1252 Words   |  6 PagesHEAD: IMMIGRATION POLICY Immigration Policy in the United States: The Effects of Immigration on the Legal, Native Workforce Christopher R. Surfus, MBA, MPA Western Michigan University School of Public Affairs and Administration PADM-6840 Management of Public Financial Resources Professor Robert Peters, Ph.D. December 3, 2015 Immigration Policy in the United States: The Effects of Mexican Immigration on the Legal Workforce ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION Immigration policy

Essay about Cinema and Religion - 684 Words

Cinema and Religion Entertainment media are contributing to the emergence of new and novel forms of spiritual and religious phenomena in our contemporary (and past) culture. The essays in this issue explore diverse facets of the morphing relationship between entertainment, spirituality and culture. Over the last century, the cinema has played a vital role in the expression and representation of Judeo-Christian religious practices and beliefs. Early cinema told the life of Christ in the Passion Play and Cecil B DeMille produced two spectacular versions of The Ten Commandments in 1923 and 1956. While cinema represented religious themes and figures, religious institutions also shaped the emergence of this moving image technology and its†¦show more content†¦In our Post-Millennial era the Heavens are the home for satellites rather than angels and the New Age emphasis upon the paranormal and extraterrestrial as alternative avenues for spiritual expression and self-transformation melds with the preva lent sense of an impending apocalypse that was reactivated by the spectacular disappearance of the Twin Towers on our television screens on 9-11, 2001. Where once God may have been a singular entity that designed the world in seven days, the multi-dimensional relationship between new and existing media technologies now activates multiple worlds and multiple entities. The God/s of the Multi-verse take many and multifarious forms from Elvis to Lara Croft and the signs of the Heaven or Hell emerge in the shopping mall, the television screen, the web site and the comic book panel. Our media heroes are worshipped and our creations come to life. The task of media research and theory is to articulate how these Post-Millennial forms of religiosity - how the uncanny spaces and the gods in the multiverse - are shaped by the media. How are these spaces of dread or icons of worship articulated? This issue provides a collection of original research and writing on entertainment forms – past and present. It presents an interdisciplinary focus by collating material from historians, theorists, philosophers and practitioners involved in the study and teaching of art, cinema, literature and new media. However, the advantage of Gods in theShow MoreRelatedImpact of Indian Cinema1090 Words   |  5 PagesIMPACT OF CINEMA ON THE INDIAN SOCIETY Cinema has become the most powerful form of Mass Media since the day it was introduced to the world. The Lumiere Brothers who invented the ‘ Cinematograph’ ( a compact and portable device which with a few adjustments could be used as a projector , camera or a printing machine) declared that the cinema is an invention without a future. The primitive form of cinema were ‘ living photographic pictures’ which attempted to produce reality. If Cinema in realityRead MoreDifference Between American And Japanese Horror Essay1544 Words   |  7 PagesSince the early days of filmmaking, Hollywood the dominated over the world cinema. American cinema has always drawn inspiration from other nations. In the past, few countries have received more attention from Hollywood than Japan. There be little doubt that Nakata’s Ringu (1998) has much to do with the recent international interest not just in Japanese cinema, but East Asian cinema more generally. (Colette, 2008) . In America and Europe horror films tell the story of extermination of evil spiritsRead MoreMy Museum Of World Religions Essay1575 Words   |  7 PagesMy Museum of Human Civilization Room 1: Religion â€Å"In the great hall of the museum of World Religions, you will find 10 major religions that were chosen based on history and the number of followers† (1). Today in our first room, we will learn about the â€Å"World’s largest religion that has over two billion followers, and that is Christianity.† Christianity began in the mid-1st century, originating in Judea but quickly spread throughout the world, it has played a major prominent role in the shapingRead MoreScholarship Essay641 Words   |  3 Pagesalways been interested in movies. My grandma, who was full of the wise the life experience left, always knew about my interest in movies. She feed my vain for the art. Even though her religion, she professed Adventist of seven-day religion, didnt let her go to the cinema, she always found the way to took me to the cinema. She and I enjoyed watch movies. We used to sit in the darkness room, with our faces illuminated from the reflection of the light which reboo ted from the screen, both absorbs in theRead MoreI Am A ----Year Old Christian Woman. I Come From Pakistan1256 Words   |  6 Pageslet others join me in my endeavors. In addition to the courses at G-ETS, my hope is to take help from the Religion and Film-ology department at the Northwestern University, and also as interact with people, to get to know their perception of the films that have shaped them and their lives and, how they think social justice is central to their lives. As a form of cultural capital, film and cinema are both reflections of a society’s ideals inasmuch as they are also what the philosopher Louis AlthusserRead MoreThe Role of the Holy Fool in the Context of Danish Cinema1580 Words   |  6 PagesGod’s wishes. In Denmark, Protestant traditions dominate the religious landscape, so the depiction of the holy fool must be adjusted accordingly. In order to understand the role of the holy fool in the context of Danish cinema, it is first necessary to look at the role of religion in Danish society. Starting in 1536, Denmark has transitioned into a country dominated by the Lutheran faith (Olden-Jà ¸rgensen 2002: 69). This transition marked the beginning of the struggle between reason and faith thatRead MoreTaking a Closer Look at Race Films Essay1241 Words   |  5 PagesIn early African American Cinema, filmmakers had a mission to move away from white perspectives on what it meant to be black (Stewart 225). Oftentimes, we would see black actors being portrayed in scenes as the antagonist committing crimes, as in the case of D.W. Griffith’s Birth of a Nation. Soon after Griffith released the film, filmmaker Oscar Micheaux forever changed American Independent Cinema with his â€Å"response† film Within Our Gates, which helped start the advent of race films (NAACP 1). SomeRead MoreEssay on Pure Cinema1702 Words à ‚  |  7 PagesItalian Neo realism; Pure Cinema 1. Ladri de Biccilette [Bicycle Thieves] (Vittorio De Sica) Do you agree with Andre Bazin that Ladri de Biccilette is an example of ‘pure cinema’? (Bazin [1971] p.60). To what extent is such a pure cinema possible and, in your opinion, which Italian Neo-realist film screened on the unit comes closest to it? Explain your reasoning. This essay will address the characteristics of ‘pure cinema’ and the extent of its practical nature. It also seeks to analyseRead MoreThe Monarch Of Morocco : The Ruler Of The Faithful Essay1725 Words   |  7 Pagesdynasty is descended from the prophet Mohamed. He represents the Islamic religion as well as he is the ruler and leader of people: his words are revered and respected by everybody, his person and his royal family are sacred. This state of affair, as Orlando declares, represented a clear impediment regarding the thematic dimension of both Moroccan films and literature. With regards to its development, Orlando explains that Moroccan cinema differed significantly from that of its neighboring nations becauseRead MoreBollywood : The Bollywood Musical Subgenre955 Words   |  4 Pagesproduce â€Å"Bollywood.† It is important to note, however, that not all Indian films are Bollywood movies; Bollywood is representative of Mumbai and is made primarily in Hin di, one of India’s many spoken languages. Tollywood is another form of Indian cinema and its movies are made in Bengali and Telugu. In fact, in his article, â€Å"Surviving Bollywood,† Madhava Prasad explains that the word Bollywood is actually based on â€Å"Tollywood.† In 1932, Wilford E. Deming, an American Engineer who claims to have supervised

The Repay free essay sample

The hardest time in my life would have to be the year my dad went to jail. It was nothing serious but they kept delaying his court day for over a year. This was a major turning point in my life. I was just starting the 7th grade when it happened and and I had to change my whole life style. My mom, as amazing as she is, could not keep up with the bills so we had to get rid of some stuff and so had to move in with my grandma inside her apartment. I went from having my own room to having to share one with my sister and younger brother. It was also hard to focus on school, but I managed to keep my grades up and pass on to the 8th grade and on October 30, 2008 after school I open the door to my grandmas apartment and find my dad sitting on the couch. We will write a custom essay sample on The Repay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I immediately drop my backpack and run over to give him a hug, something I wasnt able to do in a long time. That day I felt like a ton of weight was taken off my shoulders. Not all bad things came from this experience though, I learned many life lessons along the way which helped me become the person I am today and helped change my outlook on life. Before I had no idea how lucky I was to have the things I had and how hard my parents worked to get them for me. Now I appreciate everything I have, even the small things, and I feel so bad when I ask my parents for money, I would much rather earn it than it just be given to me without doing nothing in return. Also before I would just say things without thinking them through, now I am very careful about what I say which is probably why people tell me Im so quiet. Im just afraid I might say something that is unintended and it have a negative effect. I also learned that your life can change in a blink of an eye and that you should live each day to the fullest. Now Im working hard in school trying my best to keep my grades up. I am very interested in anything art, I have taken two art and one ceramics class in high school so far and I have enjoyed all three of them very much. Not to brag or anything but at the beginning of the ceramics class I was the first to make a cup on the wheel, I saw this as a great achievement. Even thought its just drawing on paper or making pots, art has given me some great skills I find useful in other life situations. I have learned to become neat and organized, which comes in handy when taking notes or working out math problems on a test. I also learned to become a perfectionist and to take my time when doing something like drawing a picture. This comes also comes in handy when doing other things because I pay close attention to what I am doing and so Im less prone to making a mistake and if I feel like something is wrong I will find what it is. Right now Im taking a graphics design class which deals with basically drawing and editing images on a computer. I think this has been the most fun and interesting art class Ive taken so far and I hope to pursue a career in graphic design. I want to make a living on what I love to do the most which is to draw. I know its going to take a while and hard work on my part but it will be well worth by the time Im done with college. I will hopefully be working with big companies and making lots of money. If things turns out like I want them to I will be able to repay my parents for all the things they have done and all the sacrifices they have made to get me to where I am now and where I will be in the future.

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Essential Foundations of the Public Relations

Essential Foundations of the Public Relations Introduction Over the last three decades, a lot of scholarly research has been accomplished in the field of public relations. The framework under which the early researches were based on has, however, in the modern day, faced a lot of criticism with the majority of the critics claiming that the PR model of communication presents a two way communication, which stands out as utterly symmetrical (Karla 177).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Essential Foundations of the Public Relations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Early scholars set subtle grounds for the subsequent researches. In their natures, these foundations have taken rigid dominance in the theorization of the public relations’ scholarly researches. This dominance has served to give rise to pros and cons of the initial and hence the traditional theories of public relations. One specified pro of the theories stems from the fact that, over the years such t heories have undergone numerous tests, with most of the scholars confirming their claims. Consequently, the theories have remained in force and viable within a wider public spectra. In line with this argument, Karla claims that, â€Å"dominant research theories are furthered and new theories emerge† (178). If, an organization has to excel in its public relations endeavours, a prerequisite is placed on it to change its behaviours and approaches to the discipline so as to become part and parcel of the organization’s â€Å"dominant coalition or decision making body† (Karla 179). In this context, therefore, a magnificent endeavour of the early, PR theorist was to enhance professionalization of the PR (Grunig 29). Conflicting roles of the PR professional have also been registered with some scholars claiming that, PR managers have, at times, concentrated in execution of duties, which could have otherwise been delegated to the technical PR staff. As a repercussion, the PR concerns may be argued as a represented differently in theory and actual practice. More recently a lot of enthusiasm has emerged especially in attempts to scrutinize the position of PR in an organization as part of the management function. According to Curtin and Gaither, there exists four main criticisms of the paradigm of the public relations: â€Å"the definition of public relations as a management function; the reliance on functional, transmission models of communication; the emphasis on organizational-level theory; and the failure to recognize the primacy of power in relationships† (110).Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The emerging perspectives about the new media have given rise to lots of enthusiasm in some quarters. This paper seeks to scrutinize whether the existing enthusiasm to the new media is justifiable, explore the various implications, on the one hand, public relations practice relating to traditional media and on the other for, long term future of those media. However, to explore this topic, endeavours are made to unveil whether, if anything is distinctive about new media technologies from a PR practitioner’s perspective and what benefits to PR practice they bring. The critics of the PR are also essential to be given a glance especially those which attribute it to profit making endeavours. New media technologies from a PR practitioner’s perspective and the benefits they bring to PR practice From a wider perspective, there exist no broad distinctions between traditional media and the new media (social media) in terms of relations. In case of traditional media, â€Å"practitioners identify reporters and editors and build relationships with them in order to get client news disseminated† (Horton 5). On the other hand, in the social media, the main objective of the practitioner is to identify lik ely influential participants and the rest of the approach is just like in the traditional media: build relationships for the purposes enhancing communication. Opposed to the old media technologies such as the newspaper, radio or television, the emerging technologies such as face book or twitter are more essentially social based. Horton posits that, â€Å"newspapers are withering; net work television has watched audiences decline, radio is splintered and magazines are shrinking† (1). On the other hand, more human traffic in social networks is on the rise. Consequently, with this form of trends in communication, PR practitioners have no choice other than shifting to new media means of communication, particularly with the number of the reporters of the traditional medial escaping from their traditional occupations. Despite incredible call for change with time, the new media pose lots of challenges especially in terms of effectiveness and efficacy in communication. One evident ch allenge is that, the initial attempts to departmentalize communication have altogether been eroded. In fact, â€Å" the public and the universal nature of social media means that all the audiences can read communication intended for any one communication† (Horton 1). As a way of compounding this problem, practitioners are always unsure that the communication reaches all the intended audiences.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Essential Foundations of the Public Relations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is perhaps due to existences of communication fragmentations in case the practitioner opts for the new media to deliver messages. As Horton observes, â€Å"social media are so fragmented that an individual may not see the information in a blog or a face book page or tweet† (1). In actual sense the new media, serves to disperse information just like some traditional media for instance newspapers and magazines would do. The fact that some information was posted in a newspaper does not guarantee that the target audience would read it. This is what new media serves to propagate on a large scale globally. However, through perhaps deployment of mathematical concepts of probability, it standouts more likely to read some article in a newspaper than it would to read it in a social media carrying millions of blogs. Consequently, it may be argued that, the new media worsen the problem of information dispersion. Furthermore, new media ensures information accessibility, but does not provide a warrant that the information will be viewed. In actual sense, an immense effort by a practitioner to reach a wide range of audiences turns out as of little results due to the evident communication fragmentation in the new media. Despite the existence of technologies that permit an individual to determine the influence of a certain blog posted on a social media site, such techniques are been argued as not straight forward. Such technologies enable one to determine the nature of friends who are subscribed to a new media site such as face book or twitter. Unfortunately, none of such technologies provide a warrant that one would reach the audience that he or she is targeting. Worse still, there exists no bureau that can carry out auditing of the information under circulation through the social networks. Additionally, social media present a challenge in terms of information distribution time. According to Horton, â€Å" to use social media effectively requires learning ones way into each medium and building trust with participants, do campaigns and clients allow one to spend that form of time† (2). Social media demands the practitioner to have established a relationship with the audience. Unless the practitioner had had communicated with such audience for some time before, to orient the audience so as to embrace his or her attention, it would clearly call for commitment of a l ot of time: something that may not be so desirable from the practitioner’s perspective point of view.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As Horton comments, â€Å"agency practitioners especially face the challenge of communication timing because they often work on multiple accounts in different industries† (4). However, such challenges need not make a practitioner rule out the possibilities of using social media in communication since rewards exists in employment of the new media in communication. As Spicer notes, â€Å"Facebook users build audiences of like minds and interests and thus one can reach these self-identified audiences with a laser-like focus to communicate client messages effectively and efficiently† (115). New media circulates information without an individual’s knowledge, something that serves as an additional advantage especially bearing in mind that the message sent will not require the practitioner to pay for such circulations. Critique of public relations Over the years, several critiques have been advanced in relation to public relations. Many of these critiques see public re lations as a profit making administrative endeavour opposed to the perceived intents of improvement of the service delivery. Miller and Dinan see public relations as, â€Å"a means of taking risks out of democracy† (11). To them the perceived risks entail seeking a mechanism of taking full control of a pool of workers. The modern public relations consequently, seems to stem from the need to extend such functions of the public relations in an attempt to constitute â€Å" a cutting edge of campaigns to ensure liberal democratic societies do not respond to the will of people and the vested interests prevail† (Miller and Dinan 12). In this context, PR is depicted as propaganda oriented form of democracy. New media technologies may not thus escape criticism especially when PR concerns are incorporated into it. Somewhat some of the criticism that is crucial to consider includes the ones raised by Carl Byoirs. Carl Byoirs was particularly interested in adoption of third parti es techniques deemed subtle for the manipulation of the public debates. â€Å"Front groups could be created by influencing the leaders of the co-placement group and by forming new fronts† (Grunig White 57). In this context, media is viewed as a tool of manipulation and subversion of the reality. Unfortunately, Byoirs practices were nothing to be acceptable before the eyes of the law, and when the whistle was blown on his activities between n 1930 and 1940s, his firm was convicted and charged $5,000. Since the times of Byoirs, according to Miller and Dinan, â€Å"manipulation and deceit have been the defining characteristics of the public relation s industry† (12). Conventionally, many critics of the PR are inclined to the opinion that PR is executed for some vested interests mainly by large corporations of which media may not be segregated from them. Scrutinizing the clientele of any successful PR firm reveals that the majority of its clients are the large corporation s. This has consequences of creation of imbalances between the citizens and the tools of the propulsion of the economies through production: corporations. Its practice â€Å"is not open and transparent about its means or even about its clients and interests it is working for† (Miller and Dinan 13). However, it needs not be taken that all PR practitioners consciously lie despite the fact that PR calls for some means of the management of cognitive dissonance (Miller and Dinan 13). More importantly, in as much as the association of PR with desires to lie, it is evident that public interests and the private interests hardly get directly congruent. As Maloney observes, â€Å" corporate spin doctors and agencies consequently have no choices rather than lying unconsciously since their job entangles at the most basic level, an attempt to align the sectional interests of their principles (employers or clients) with general interests† (30). The idea here is not to arrive at the conclusion that PR endeavours are geared toward conspiracy. The argument is all about the ideas of the PR firms to equate the private and public interests, which result to negative repercussions to the public interests aspects, since by the fact that this two interests are not similar, more often than not, public interests get undermined. PR also is considered by its critiques as aimed at subversion of the clients interests opposed to its disguised intents of promotion of democratic debates. On the other hand, Bernays feels that, PR faces a given draw back since, â€Å"corporate social responsibility and other ethical activities are all subordinates to the corporate strategy, and that it has played a crucial role at the cutting edge of corporate power in the neoliberal revolution† (67). In this context, it may be argued that in as much as corporations may be doing marvellous from one front, in some other front, it may stand out evident that they are attempting to safeguard th eir vested interests which do not necessarily conform to the interests of the public. As a way of example, during the case of involvement of the shell corporation in the international chamber of commerce, â€Å"mantra heard from devotees about building the business case for CSR is about more than making money out of ethical and green activities as a tool to ensure binding regulation is resisted and indeed rolled back† (Miller Dinan 10). Corporations, on the other hand, have proactively involved themselves in campaigning for the media and political partisans giving rise to neoliberal concerns. New media, despite its illustrious championed efforts to make sure that it provides a better representation of the public concerns through refraining from political partisans and campaigning for political elites, suffers from the need to protect and quest for some of its own vested interests. Such vested interests with political attachments ensure the continued presence of a firm in the communications market, since political institutions contribute, by far, in promotions of those firms that are inclined to their affiliations. It is particularly intriguing for media to take opposing stands to the political regimes which by far will affect their future performance. This reason may perhaps prompt the PR approached in the management of the new media to borrow widely from the traditional media practices and carry on the attempts to maintain public in some form of disguised lies: all with the intent to protect the firm’s own vested interests. New media concerns are more driven by the spirit of change. Given that PR plays pivotal roles in the management of the human resource, the inclusion of PR â€Å" as a communicative consequence of business, interests and case group activity â€Å" (Miller Dinan 25) may not be isolated from such endeavours. However, communication acts a vital tool available to the PR to enhance inculcation of spirit of fame in an attempt to get things done. Look, for instance, the main responsibilities of PR in any organization. It is charged with conflicts resolution, motivation and handling of disputes emanating from the firm and the worker’s unions of the organization in question. Through its well organized structures of communication, the PR has to ensure that its strategies gets a competitive advantage amongst the parties involved in conflict if at all it has to provide foundations, which are vital to ensure the problem being handled will not repeat itself in future. This approach is widely criticized as geared towards prejudicing the spirit of democracy among the workers since, it seeks to convince perhaps without adequate grounds on why such solutions are necessary. According to Miller and Dinan, â€Å"†¦..International communication is another activity that fits only partially within the definition of PR as a measure to ensure competitive communication advantage† (25). Some of the inclusions comprise internal communications, workers motivations, and reward systems among others. Majority of these tasks are constructed by two main interests: employer and the employees. The question remains; what side is more favoured. Is firm in question; created to make profits for the benefit of the employer or to make a profit for the purposes of provision of employment opportunities to the employees? According to Bernays â€Å" public opinion, narrowly defined is the thought of a society at any given time toward a given object; broadly conceived, it is the power of a group to sway the larger public in its altitude† (p.1). Given the ability of the PR to accomplish swaying action to the general workforce, it is evident that claims that the PR is responsible for manipulation bear substance. Aims and objectives of PR and media industries in the wider media landscape Just like any other professional discipline, public relation has a specified scope of tasks. In a broader sense, pub lic relations practitioners fall into two categories. The first category is dominated by those practitioners who see themselves as communication managers, and the other sphere being constructed by PR practitioners who see themselves as technicians of the communication. As Berkowitz and Ilias lament, â€Å" within these two groups, the managers role has been broken down into two subgroups related to how a communication manager fits into organizational process† (102). Some studies such the one conducted in 1989 by Belz et al reveal that journalistic roles are evident in both the public relations practitioners and the journalists. However, the other hand both the journalists and the public relations practitioners held a different opinion on matters concerning roles, aims, and responsibilities of public relations (130). From a wider perspective, the differences are traceable from existing socialization and the education between the two practices. â€Å"Some studies have found th at media organizations and the journalistic practices taking place are linked to journalists perceived roles† (Berkowitz Ilias 104). Furthermore, Berkowitz and Ilias are to the opinion that, â€Å"the actual differences among journalists are likely much smaller than the differences among public relations practitioners subscribing to mangers or technician roles† (104). As priory mentioned, public relations practitioners essentially assume the roles of communication managers and communication technicians. However, Leichty and Springston perceive this as a traditional dichotomy of PR roles and alternatively proposes four roles accorded to the PR practitioners: â€Å" generalists, the internals, the outliers and traditional managers† (467). However, by careful scrutiny of these four roles, it is evident that the traditional managers roles assume remarkably little technical roles and hence it can remain as a significant sub division of the roles of the PR by its own. On the other hand, the other three roles are more of technical oriented. Consequently, their classification into one group: technical roles are perhaps still valid. As a result, the classification of roles of the PR following the Leichty and Springston criteria is barely a further division of the original traditional PR dichotomy into some further categories. Managerial roles are more of affiliated to making of decisions and policies within an organization that houses the practitioners. According to Berkowitz Ilias, â€Å" practitioners enacting the managers roles predominantly make policy decisions and are held accountable for the program success or failure† (111). Such practitioners are charged with the responsibilities of arriving at decisions that have long term repercussions to a firm as opposed to short term solution of problems, which are predominantly technical in nature. In addition, such roles entangle analysis, anticipations coupled with clarification and attachm ent of meanings to the public opinions, issues and altitudes which are subtle tools for cute departmental and overall performance of an organization. Managers are charged with the responsibility of ensuring that objectives and the goals of an organization are set appropriately in direct congruence with the organizations long term philosophies. Within, the peripheral departments of a firm, encounters are made of PR practitioners charged with the enactment of technical PR roles. According to Dozier, â€Å" technicians do not participate in management decision making but only make program decisions necessary to internal functioning of their departments† (76). In fact, the widest spectra of responsibilities entail conduction of low level organizational operational matters aimed at ensuring cute implementation of policies and decisions stemming from the management team. More often than not, technical practitioners are engaged in activities such as provision of services like media contracting, writing, publications productions and photocopying among other roles that do not involve long term decision making tasks. Perhaps a different aspect of the PR practitioner’s roles vital to consider, are those roles stemming from the practitioners education and organizational environment (Dozier 1992; Ehling 1992). On his part, Dozier strongly believes that PR practitioners may be in a large part lack and fail, to fulfil their professional roles as anticipated with consequences of some of the practitioners likely to be characterized by semi professionalism (45). Such professionals are more likely to be worse affected by bureaucratic norms. In most of the situation they evidently lack professional autonomy in the execution of their duties partly due to dwindled endowment with supervisory powers. To this end, Ryan and Martinson think that lack of clarity in terms of roles anticipations is fuelled by the practitioners lack of common agreement of what the PR professio n is all about and perhaps what it needs to embrace (91). Conclusion Over the years, especially in the last three decades, a lot research has been done in the subject of the public relations. The paper characteristically identifies these researches as essential foundations of the public relation concerns, which, in fact, have formed the basis of the existing modern criticisms of the profession. The criticisms in turn, have given rise to an immense enthusiasm to scrutinize the roles of the public relations especially when the other spectrum of the inputs of the new media is incorporated. In as much as the new media is beneficial in terms of promotion of ease of information accessibility, the paper claims that information accessibility does not necessarily translate to practical information viewing. The demerits of the new media have consequently been addressed by asserting that the new media has a specified challenge in terms of ensuring effective and efficient communication, has tim e limitations and departmentalization or rather information flow regulation. Amid these limitations, new media has been discussed as a vital tool for practitioners communication particularly where relationships with the target audience is priory established. The paper also has also made some attempts to introspect the various criticisms of the public relations. Finally, the roles and objectives of public relations have been given a through treat by dividing the entire sphere of public relation roles into two broad groups: managerial and technical roles. Through observation of differences in the scholar’s perceptions of the roles and practices of the public relations, which stem right from the traditional approaches to the modern hefty criticisms, evidently, subtle information is available to justify the existing enthusiasm for new media evident in some quarters. Belz, Arthur et al. â€Å"Using role theory to study cross perceptions of journalists and public relations practi tioners.† Public relations research annual 1.1 (1989): 125-139. Berkowitz, Dan Ilias, Hristodoulakis. â€Å"Practitioner Roles, Public Relations Education, and Professional Socialization: An Exploratory Study.† Journal of Public Relations Research 11:1 (1999): 91-103. Bernays, Edward. Manipulating public opinion: the way and the how. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 2000. Curtin, Arthur, Gaither, Kenneth. Privileging identity, difference, and power: The circuit of culture as a basis for public relations theory. Journal of Public Relations Research 17.3 (2005): 91–115. Dozier, Douglas. The organizational roles of communications and public relations practitioners. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc, 1992. Ehling, Walter. â€Å"Public relations education and professionalism.† In James. Grunig (Ed.), Excellence in public relations and communication management (pp. 439-464). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1992. Grunig, James. â€Å" Two-way symmetrical public relations: Past, present and future.† In Lawrence Heath (Ed.), Handbook of Public Relations. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 2001. Grunig, James White Jon. The Effect of World Views on Public Relations Theory and Practice: Excellence in Public Relations and Communication Management. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1992. Horton, James. â€Å"Public Relations and Social Communication.† Journal of Public Relations 31.7 (2009) 1-6. Karla, Gower. â€Å"Public Relations Research at the Crossroads.† Journal of Public Relations Research 18.2 (2006): 177-190. Leichty, Gabriel, Springston, Johnson. â€Å"Elaborating public relations roles.† Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly 73.5(1996): 467-477. Maloney, Kelvin. Rethinking Public Relations: PR, Propaganda and Democracy. London: Routledge, 2006. Miller, David, Dinan, William. Thinker, faker, spinner, spy: corporate PR and the assault on democracy. London: Pluto press, 2007. Ryan, Mart ins, Martinson, Leonard. (1988). â€Å"Journalists and public relations practitioners: Why the antagonism?† Journalism Quarterly 64.13 (1988): 1-140. Spicer, Charles. â€Å"Public relations in a democratic society: Value and values.† Journal of Public Relations Research 12.4 (2000):115–130.

Letter of Recommendation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Letter of Recommendation - Essay Example Additionally, he searched, selected, and managed Indonesian student volunteers who study abroad to teach students from my school through Skype. Therefore, now, my school has computers, and Internet. Furthermore, we have more good quality English teachers. All of these elements are useful for engaging English lesson online through Skype with Indonesian Students who volunteer becoming English teacher that live outside Indonesia. His effort helps my students improve English grades. Currently, he works as a volunteer in my school. He is an English teacher. His method to teach students is different from any other teachers. He always makes sure that the lesson is always interactive. He modifies the lesson to implement game in English, project and presentation. He brings something new to the curriculum, because before he came, my school always taught students basing on the book, but now he let students show his creativity by using English. This improved my students’ creativity in my school. Additionally, he consistently demonstrated strong work ethics and great communicational skills, increasingly extending the importance of handling negotiations with our clients, consumers and food distributors. This impacted the performance and the image of our company. X is an open-minded person, organized, adaptable in cases of objective criticism. I have developed deep personal and professional attachment and respect for x, and sincerely believe that this course will sharpen his skills of education development. He has my highest endorsement. If you have any questions regarding x and/or this recommendations, feel free to contact me at any

Case Analysis Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Analysis - Case Study Example One of the few complaints that have become too regular in the operations of Fresh Direct is the customer claim that products are not sufficiently fresh upon delivery. Online grocery services are still an extremely small market sector in comparison to the massive physical stores that dominate the industry (Hand et al., 2009), so it is vital that Fresh Direct address every possible weakness with the appropriate correction measures. The business obtains, stores, sorts, and delivers items through a detailed process that has been extensively researched to minimize the time until delivery and to keep appropriate products refrigerated as needed. Accordingly, it is possible that the actual freshness is not the problem. Instead, customer perspectives may be biased because they cannot actually touch and physically examine their food prior to purchase, as many shoppers are accustomed to do (Cho, 2011). Fresh Direct can provide daily updates from factory employees that describes the items in the physical terms that shoppers would normally check in person. This addition to the website may ease consumer concern about receiving products that are not sufficiently